approx 6 h1/2 hours
2 days
About a day.
Amtrack can take up to 20 hours. It was 23 1/2 from Tampa to DC last year for me.
If you take a direct flight it is 7 1/2 to 8 hours. I know this from experience.
19 hours and 15 minutes on the City of New Orleans
The trip from Chicago to New York when riding the "20th Century Limited" took 16 hours in 1930. The travel time varied depending on which train was taken.
21 hours and 45 minutes on the Texas Eagle.
There is no name. There is no single train you can take in the US to travel from NY to California. This takes a train from NY to Washington, DC, then to Chicago, then to Oregon, and then to California. At best, the train ride could be called "very long".
Around 3 hours, give or take 20 minutes. You can also take the Amtrack train straight from Portland to Tacoma, or Seattle. It takes generally the same amount of time, but I prefer the train, because it's more comfortable, and often cheaper than gas. I used to live in Gig Harbor, and now I live in Portland.
Unfortunately, there is no rail service to Nashville. The nearest major cities with Amtrak service are Memphis and Atlanta.
Yes, as long as they are the right age.