What caused the formation of the underground rail road?

Answer 1

The Underground Railroad was formed as a response to the brutal realities of slavery in the United States, particularly in the Southern states. Abolitionists and sympathetic individuals, including both black and white activists, created secret networks of safe houses and routes to help enslaved people escape to free states and Canada. The increasing resistance to slavery and the moral outrage surrounding it, coupled with the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, which mandated the return of escaped slaves, further fueled the need for a covert support system for those seeking freedom.