The capsule stain employs an acidic stain and a basic stain to detect capsule production.
Capsules are formed by organisms such as Klebsiella pneumoniae . Most capsules are composed of polysaccharides, but some are composed of polypeptides. The capsule differs from the slime layer that most bacterial cells produce in that it is a thick, detectable, discrete layer outside the cell wall. Some capsules have well-defined boundaries, and some have fuzzy, trailing edges. Capsules protect bacteria from the phagocytic action of leukocytes and allow pathogens to invade the body. If a pathogen loses its ability to form capsules, it can become avirulent.
Bacterial capsules are non-ionic, so neither acidic nor basic stains will adhere to their surfaces. Therefore, the best way to visualize them is to stain the background using an acidic stain and to stain the cell itself using a basic stain. We use India ink and Gram crystal violet. This leaves the capsule as a clear halo surrounding a purple cell in a field of black.
The medium in which the culture is grown as well as the temperature at which it is grown and the age of the culture will affect capsule formation. Older cultures are more likely to exhibit capsule production. When performing a capsule stain on your unknown, be sure the culture you take your sample from is at least five days old.
1- What_is_the_different_staining_technique_in_virology2- What are the diffrent stain in micro for virus ?
Polysaccharides
Extra-Capsular Extraction was created in 1990-10.
Capsular hydrostatic pressure refers to the fluid pressure within the glomerular capsule of the kidney. It is involved in the process of filtration of blood to form urine, along with blood pressure and oncotic pressure. An increase in capsular hydrostatic pressure can affect the rate of urine formation.
The substances in the capsular space include the filtrate from blood, which consists of water, electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and waste products like urea and creatinine. These substances are filtered from the blood by the glomerulus in the kidney and then collected in the capsular space before being further processed by the renal tubules.
Some disadvantages of heat fixing include potential denaturation of proteins, uneven heat distribution leading to cell distortion, and the possibility of overheating causing cell damage. It may also affect the morphology and structure of the cells, impacting subsequent staining procedures.
capsular polysaccharide of pneumococcus
Capsular material is very moist (slimy) and any heating will cause it to shrink - it is for this reason that we will not heat fix the slide before staining. Also, heating may cause the bacterial cell to shrink resulting in a clear zone around the cell - which may cause cells which don't have capsules to appear as if they do.
An acromioclavicular joint is a synovial joint that connects your collarbone to the shoulder blade. Acromioclavicular joint capsular hypertrophy is an n enlargement of the sac surrounding the capsular ligament in that joint.
A capsular pattern refers to a specific pattern of movement restriction observed in a joint due to the involvement of the joint capsule, often resulting from conditions like arthritis or capsulitis. It describes the characteristic limitation of motion in certain directions while preserving movement in others, indicating that the joint's capsule is affected. For example, in the shoulder, a capsular pattern is typically characterized by greater restriction in external rotation compared to internal rotation and abduction. Understanding capsular patterns helps clinicians diagnose joint problems and develop appropriate treatment plans.
Capsular contracture occurs after a breast augmentation surgery. You can seek treatment once you feel breast's implants are turning hard. If you stay up to six to 12 months without getting the problem, you are likely to be safe.
REGRESSIVE STAINING. In a regressive stain, the tissue is first over stained and then partially decolorized. Differentiation is usually controlled visually by examination with a microscope. When regressive staining is employed, a sharper degree of differentiation is obtained than with progressive staining .PROGRESSIVE STAINING. In progressive staining, once the dye is taken up by the tissue it is not removed. Differentiation in progressive staining relies solely on the selective affinity of dyes for different tissue elements. The tissue is left in the dye solution only until it retains the desired amount of coloration.