Yes. For example, Adam lived 930 years, and Metushelach lived 969 years (Genesis 5).
The idea "bothers" us only because it seems impossible today. Seeming impossibility, however, is not disproof. Any disproof would have to come from physical evidence, not conjecture or mathematics.
Many ancient nations and historians have records of "unnaturally" long lifespans of the ancients:
Manetho, Berosus, Mochus, Hestiaeus, Hieronymus the Egyptian, Hesiod, Hecataeus, Hellanicus, Acusilaus, Ephorus and Nicolaus all state that the ancients lived around a thousand years.
Such records are found in the histories of ancient Sumeria, China, Greece, Persia, Vietnam and India. Such widespread agreement can only be because it (like the Creation) is a worldwide tradition based upon more than mere myth.
According to Jewish tradition, yes.
According to tradition, it's a minyan (group) of ten Jewish men.
According to Jewish tradition, God judges the world on Rosh Hashanah.
According to our tradition it was not. It is not even considered a part of the Jewish Apocrypha or Deuterocanon.
According to the Orthodox tradition, it is either someone who appropriately converted under the authority of an Orthodox Rabbi/Beis Din, or someone who's mother was Jewish. According to the Conservative tradition, it is is someone who is converted by the beit din of any Jewish authority (Orthodox, Conservative or Reform), or or someone who's mother was Jewish. According to the Reform tradition, it is is someone who is converted by the beit din of any Jewish authority (Orthodox, Conservative or Reform), or someone who has at least one Jewish parent and was raised Jewish.
According to Jewish tradition, Abraham introduced monotheism to the world.
According to Jewish tradition, it ended around 350 BCE.
The Torah did have, and still has, 613 commandments, according to Jewish tradition.
According to Jewish tradition, they made their own food.
According to Jewish tradition, the answer is yes.
According to Judaism, a prophet is a person through whom HaShem (The Creator) communicates. There is no requirement for prophecy to be about the future in Jewish tradition.
Jewish tradition was preserved by the Jewish Prophets, Sages, Torah-commentators and codifiers. Jewish tradition is preserved by learning and keeping the Torah.