How come Catholics have a State Vatican?

Answer 1

The Vatican has a long and torturous history. For a while in the Middle Ages, the Bishop of Rome was a secular ruler, after the Roman Empire finally fell apart, and he was left as the only acknowledged leader in the area. This, however, led to all kinds of problems, having the Bishop of Rome be the spiritual head of the Church, the Bishop of central Italy, and the temporal ruler of it as well. When the Papal states were reclaimed by Italy, the tiny area in Rome that was Vatican Hill, was provided an international status as a separate state from Italy, thus it became its own country, even though it is tiny, entirely surrounded by Rome, Italy, and has no native citizens. Finally, it is because of the Concordat with Italy.