How did the Nuremberg trials affect the Jews?

Answer 1

The Nuremberg Trials were not primarily about that. The most serious charge at the first and main trials was that of having plunged Europe and the world into war. Certainly, there were charges relating to Nazi atrocities, too, but it wasn't specifically a 'Holocaust trial'.

Answer 2

Aside from the point brought up by Dan Galilee in his Expert Answer, which is that only a few Nazis were actually tried and convicted, many genocide-victims would take objection to the idea that there could actually be justice for the victims of a genocide. The trials provided vindication of the crimes, but there is no amount of suffering, pain, humiliation, degradation, etc. that could be conferred upon the perpetrators of the Holocaust for them to understand in a visceral way what they did to millions of people. That understanding, perhaps could be justice. Admittedly, Jews have gotten trials, at least, as opposed to Armenians, Rwandans, Cambodians, Chinese, Caucasian Peoples (e.g. peoples of the Caucasus Mountains like Kalmyks and Daghestanis), and numerous other groups have never gotten any sort of trial or vindication of the suffering they went through, but justice is impossible.

If anything has been justice for the Jews, it has been what the German people have done in the years since the Holocaust to reach out to the Jewish World and atone, often for actions that only their parents, grandparents, or great-grandparents were involved in. The undoing of the motivation for hatred taken by the younger generation could be seen as a form of justice.

Answer 3

A very small measure. Only a very few of those Nazis deserving punishment were actually tried or convicted.