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The Islamic State (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), known as ad-Dawla al-Eslamiyya al-3iraaq w'ash-Shaam (الدولة الإسلامية العراق والشام) or the acronym Daa3esh (داعش) in Arabic, is an extremist SUNNI ISLAMIST organization. The primary goal of Islamic State is to use military force to unite the regions that have historically been ruled by Muslims into one unified Caliphate or theocratic country ruled by Islamic Clerics. They are fighting to bring the Sunni majority into power, especially in Sunni-majority regions of both Syria and Iraq, and impose a more fundamentalist view on politics. They consider themselves to be fighting the injustices and violence of the current Assad regime and the inequalities of the US-supported Government of Iraq.

It is important to clarify what Islamism is. While Islam is a religion (delineated by particular prayers, beliefs about God, and guidance for interpersonal interactions) Islamism is a political ideology whose goal is to bring the religious tenets of Islam into the daily functioning of a government and its laws. Islamism is a modern movement whose roots began contemporaneously with the rise of Salafism in the late 1800s and early 1900s in Egypt. Islamic State practices a particularly violent form of Islamism called Jihadism, which not only wishes a particularly repressive version of Islamic Law to be instituted, but believes that violence in defense of the faith is the preferred way to do this. Jihadism, like Islamism, is a political ideology rooted in Islamic religious concepts, but distorted. The distortion here is that there are many ways to advocate on behalf of the faith and the choice to exclusively use violence is a misinterpretation of the doctrine.

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