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Answer 1

Judaism is a religion

Answer 2

Judaism is typically considered to be an ethno-religious group. It has certain elements that are common to all ethnicities, such as a common language, a common ancestry, particular customs of association, and a view of common historic nation-hood. It also has certain elements that other religions share such as a belief in divine beings and a God, specific divine mandates, houses of worship, and holy scriptures. (Other ethno-religious groups include the Druze and Yazidi.) It is certainly not a race since there are White Jews, Arab Jews, Chinese Jews, Hispanic Jews, and Black Jews.

Some people like to say that Judaism is similar to a nationality since nationality bears many of the traits of an ethno-religious group. Ethno-religious groups, unlike other common religions, prevent a person from converting out. This is because the ethnic component of Judaism ties a person to Judaism regardless of what they believe. This is as opposed to a pure religion, like Christianity, where failure to believe in the Christ makes a person a non-Christian. However, a person can gain a nationality through a difficult process of citizenship-acquisition. This is because the religious component of Judaism accepts conversion. This is as opposed to a pure ethnicity, like Italian. A person cannot convert to Italian as much as he may like spaghetti and Pizza.

Answer:Judaism is defined as both a religion and an ethnicity. It's an ethnicity because Jews are descended from Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and their wives: Jews, despite their diversity, are related to each other (as has been shown by DNA analyses of far-flung Jewish communities). And it's a religion, because Judaism is defined as the religion of Moses; the religion of the Torah, which includes people born Jewish as well as converts.
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