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There is the Vatican of course, but that is about it. Catholicism is a religion and aside from the Vatican, no countries are based on religion as there form of governance, countries are based on other factors binding people, groups and societies together - they may share common beliefs, but that does not make a country.

Roman Catholic AnswerMany of the European countries were historically Roman Catholic, as in most of their citizens, and their rulers were Catholic. After the protestant revolt, in which many rulers chose to go with the protestants, that left the more southern countries still Catholic: France, Spain, Austria, Italy; most of which are still "culturally" Catholic to an extent, even today; although, the Muslims are making inroards. But, as the answer above points out, there have never been, save the Vatican, and countries that are based on Catholicism.
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