The philosophy of Judaism is that this world is a purposeful creation by God, in which all people are tested concerning their use of free-will. We possess a soul which lives on after the body dies and is held responsible for the person's actions. Anyone who is worthy, Jewish or not, can merit reward in the afterlife.
Here is a list of the most basic beliefs of Judaism, as collated by Maimonides:
1. God exists, and is the Creator.
2. God is One and unique.
3. God is not physical.
4. God is eternal.
5. Prayer is to be directed only to God.
6. The words of the prophets are true.
The prophecies of the Hebrew Bible have been coming true throughout history. Even secular archaeologists (the unbiased ones) have stated that the Hebrew Bible is the most accurate of historical records, as the disdainful theories of Wellhausen and Bible-critics of his ilk have been shattered by the archaeologist's spade. A list of Bible verses which were deemed anachronistic but later shown to be perfectly accurate would run into the many hundreds.
7. The prophecies of Moses are true; and he was the greatest prophet.
8. The Torah was given to Moses by God.
9. There will be no other Torah.
10. God knows the thoughts and deeds of all.
11. God rewards the good and punishes the wicked.
12. The Messiah will come.
13. The dead will be resurrected.
Judaism
The entire Torah.
That God is One.
The statement: That which is hateful to you, do not do to others.
They have a lot of common beliefs actually. The only main difference is that Judaism believes that Jesus Christ came but he wasn't the Mesiah and Christians believe that he's the messiah.
The main religion associated with Israelites is called Judaism.
Belief in God Belief in the Torah Awareness that humans possess an eternal soul
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Judaism is a congregationalist religion, so there is no central Jewish Synagogue that would be similar to the Vatican for Catholics.
The main ideas of Judaism are summed up in the Torah which God gave. It contains beliefs, laws, ethics, history and more. See the attached Related Links for further detail.
One of the central beliefs in Judaism is the belief in one God, known as monotheism. Jews believe that God is the creator of the universe and that He is all-powerful, all-knowing, and eternal. This belief is expressed in the foundational prayer of Judaism, the Shema, which proclaims, "Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one."
Yes, Judaism considers the Ten Commandments to be a fundamental part of its religious beliefs and practices. These commandments are seen as a central guide for moral and ethical behavior for followers of the faith.