0
The usual thing was to permit Christians and Jews, as well as some other minor Middle Eastern sects also regarded as "people of the Book (Bible)" to keep their faith if they wished to do so, but to impose swingeing taxes on them, so that they would be encouraged to convert for economic reasons.
At first, pagans were forcibly converted or killed, since they were not considered "people of the Book". However, Muslims soon realised that this was not practical in Iran and neighbouring districts, where the Zoroastrians held firm to their faith. This policy was also soon abandoned in India, where most Hindus refused to convert.
When Christians could not pay the poll taxes imposed on them, they were required to give up a son, who would be brought up as a Muslim.
So, although people were usually not forced to convert, they were given a good deal of motivation to do so.
Answer 2
- First of all,I would like to say that Muslims had always had their fair justifiable reasons for the battles they had, it wasn't a desire to fight for the sake of fighting itself but each battle had its fair reasons. Just one example, the first battle between Muslims & Christian Romans (Muata) was because of killing the messenger of the prophet Muhammad PBUH to the king of Bosra (in Syria) by their allies.
- There wasn't a discrimination between the non-Muslims due to their belief to decide if they were worth being fought against or not. At all cases, fighting is a way not a purpose. Examples:
1. Muslims conquered the city of Makkah under the leadership of the prophet Muhammad PBUH & the whole city converted to Islam after an act of grace, a historical remission from the greatest prophet to its people, the pagans who assaulted the Muslims a lot! It's worth mentioning that Muslims were much more stronger than them at that time & they were able to kill all of them but they did not.
2. The city of Jerusalem was conquered by Muslims in the time of Omar Ben Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him & no single drop of blood was shed. History can tell about how Muslims tolerantly treated Christians at that time.
- Non-Muslims have always been treated very well in the Islamic tolerant community. They enjoyed all their civil rights along with their religious freedom. It has been strictly prohibited to harm any non-Muslim in the Islamic society & there are several teachings of the prophet Muhammad PBUH to assure that.
Non-Muslims (mostly Jews & Christians) are called people of covenant, which means the covenant of protection & care.
They could prospered in the Islamic community & they could reach very high rank positions especially in the Abbasi age & the examples are many. None was forced to convert to Islam, the converts to Islam did willingly convert to it due to the greatness of it in all aspects.
- Aljizia is the tax that was paid by certain non-Muslims who meet certain criteria.
Aljizia was of a value much lesser than al-zakat (Alums) so it had never been a reason behind the conversion of non-Muslims to Islam. Simply because if someone converted to Islam to be exempted from paying Al-jizia then he would face another obligatory payments imposed on Muslims which are much heavier than al-jiziah, payments like al-zakat & those obligatory charities..etc. Moreover,he would be obliged to attend fighting as a Muslim & may die instead of being exempted from that.
(Refer to the related question for more details).
- There were famous recommendations for peace even at the war taught by the prophet Muhammad PBUH to the Muslims when conquering any place, examples:
"Never to cut a tree, never to kill a child, never to kill a woman , never to kill an old man, never to kill any man who doesn't fight,never to kill an injured, never to mistreat a captive, never to betray, never to cause harm to priests in their temple, never to kill an animal except for a necessity like for eating it or to be safe from it if it's dangerous......etc".
- Dr. Gustav LeBon in his book "Civilisation of the Arabs" says:
"The reader will find, in my treatment of the Arabs' conquests and the reason of their victories, that force was never a factor in the spread of the Koranic teachings, and that the Arabs left those they had subdued free to exercise their religious beliefs. If it happened that some Christian peoples embraced Islam and adopted Arabic as their language, it was mainly due to the various kinds of justice on the part of the Arab victors, with the like of which the non-Moslems were not acquainted. It was also due to the tolerance and leniency of Islam, which was unknown to the other religions".
Lastly, he also said this famous saying:
" The world had never known a conqueror that is more just & merciful than Arabs".
What else can I help you with?
What did Muslims do after they conquered new lands?
Who were the shiites
What cities were in the lands conquered by Muslims under the first four caliphs?
mrser iran iraq shame falasten
How did the policies of the Muslims toward conquered lands compare with other empire builders such as Romans?
Both were tolerant of local religions and customs.
How did the policies of the Muslims towards conquered lands compare with other empire builders such as the Roman?
Both were tolerant of local religions and customs.
How did the policies of the Muslims toward conquered lands compare with others empire builders such as Romans?
Both were tolerant of local religions and customs.
How did the policies of the Muslims toward conquered lands compare with other empire builder such as the Romans?
Both were tolerant of local religions and customs.
What cities in the middle east were conquered by the Muslims?
The Muslims conquered Iraq, Iran, and Siberia.
How did the polices of the Muslims toward conquering lands compare with other empire builders such as Romans?
Like the Romans, the conquering Muslim respected the religions and customs of the conquered peoples.
Where did the Muslims conquer in the crusades?
The Muslims conquered the Iberian Penninsula
What unique belief did the Incas have about the lands a sapia Inca conquered?
The Incas believed that the lands conquered by a Sapa Inca were still inherently sacred and connected to the spiritual world. They viewed these conquered territories as extensions of their own and believed in harmonizing both the conquered and Inca lands through rituals and ceremonies.
What people conquered Spain in A.D. 711?
Spain was conquered by the Moors
What religions were involved with the crusaders?
The Crusades was Primarily targeted at the Muslims by the Christians. Jewish people that lived in Muslim conquered lands were also killed during the crusades because of their rejection of Jesus.
