Judaism teaches many things, and in modern times, there are many interpreations of traditional teachings.
One common and central idea is that there is only one God, and that we should love God and also each other.
Answer 2
The Torah
Answer 3
The philosophy of Judaism is that this world is a purposeful creation by God, in which all people are tested concerning their use of free-will. We possess a soul which lives on after the body dies and is held responsible for the person's actions. Anyone who is worthy, Jewish or not, can merit reward in the afterlife.
Also:
1. God exists, and is the Creator.
This tells us that the world is not chaotic or the result of chance. Life is the work of a deliberate, purposeful, intelligent and kind Creator; not a melancholy chaos or a string of fortuitous accidents. God is at the center of reality and the center of our world-outlook and thoughts.
2. God is eternal.
This includes the belief that God's ways are also eternal. God is not capricious, forgetful or fickle. Investing in a relationship with God is the only thing that will bear eternal benefits.
3. Prayer is to be directed to God.
This teaches us that no person, government or institution is to be accorded blind trust. We pray directly to God, three times a day; and we recount our shortcomings, ask for our needs, and acknowledge our successes with happy thanks.
4. The importance of the Torah cannot be overstated. Jews are keeping mitzvot (commands), saying blessings, praying, learning Torah and doing acts of kindness and charity all the time. The Torah is the single greatest thing that a Jew has; given to us to provide knowledge, guidance, inspiration, awe and reverence, advice, law, comfort, history and more. It is the basis of Judaism.
5. There will be no other Torah.
We Jews have been around for 3800 years. New fads, manifestos, beliefs or lifestyles which rear their heads are met by the Jew with a calm, seasoned eye and the proverbial grain of salt. The Torah doesn't change; and every new thing can be measured against the Torah's standards.
6. God knows the thoughts and deeds of all. He has given us free-will (Deuteronomy 30:15-20), and we're tested as to how we use it.
7. God rewards the good and punishes the wicked.
These two beliefs provide a vast incentive towards righteousness and, when needed, repentance.
They also form part of the basis of our belief in the afterlife, since this entire world wouldn't be enough to reward a Moses or punish a Hitler.
God is just (Deuteronomy 32:4); and all outstanding accounts are settled after this life.
The Talmud records the tradition that her name was Amatlai bat Karnabu.
In spite of pious claims by some that the Talmud mentions Jesus, there is no direct or indirect reference anywhere to Jesus.
It is called the Talmud. Rabbinic Judaism used it as central text. It was written when they were captives in Babylon. The term "Talmud" normally refers to the Babylonian Talmud, though there is also an earlier collection known as the Jerusalem Talmud or so they say. Most historians don't agree with that.
No. There are no rules that say that.
Technically, no, because the rules state that you must use the other person first, then say 'I.'
You're asking about Ethiopian Jews. I couldn't find information about that.
Some say Nisan and some say Tishrei. See Talmud, Rosh Hashanah 11b.
According to Jewish tradition, a Jew is any person whose mother was Jewish (Talmud, Kidushin 68b), or any person who has gone through a proper conversion to Judaism (Talmud, Yevamot 47a).
Anyone can be Jewish if they are born as Jews or converted to Judaism. Jewish tradition states that a Jew is any person whose mother was Jewish (Talmud, Kidushin 68b), or any person who has gone through a proper conversion to Judaism (Talmud, Yevamot 47a).
Yes. You must ascertain that the person named in the papers is in fact the person who receives the papers. No good handing papers to a person not involved.
Yes. Based on verses in Isaiah, the Jewish Sages say that for giving tzedaka (Charity), you will be blessed in six different ways; but for comforting the poor person you'll be blessed in eleven ways (Talmud, Bava Batra 9b).
Say "that person must be very pretty then"