Contrary to popular perception, the Western (Wailing) Wall is not the most holy site, in and of itself. It is only part of the entire Temple Mount which is the actual most holy site in Judaism. Judaism anticipates a future rebuilding of a Third Temple as per the book of Ezekiel.
As it is considered the interface between the spiritual and physical worlds, all Jewish prayers are directed there. If a Jew lives West of the Temple Mount, they face East when in prayer. If a Jew lives South of the Temple Mount, they face North when they pray.
Rabbis.
a mikvah
No.
They're called Rabbis.
A building or place of meeting for worship and religious instruction in the Jewish faith.
What are the various types of Jews? Is there something called Asedic Jewish?
There are both Jewish Religious Day Schools and Jewish Sunday Religious Schools. These are not very different from their Christian or Islamic equivalents.
The person who leads the prayers is called a 'cantor'.
The Jewish religious teachers are Rabbis.
The Talmud.
The "cantor" is the person who does most of the singing in synagogue.
"Heder" in Yiddish refers to a traditional Jewish religious school where boys learn Hebrew and Jewish studies. The term can also refer to a room or building used for teaching Jewish children.