Unless it is a particular letter (such as Pope St. Pius X Encyclical to all priests on holiness), it is just called a letter. For instance: LETTER OF THE HOLY FATHER POPE BENEDICT XVI TO THE BISHOPS, PRIESTS,
CONSECRATED PERSONS
AND LAY FAITHFUL
OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
or Pope Francis letter to all the priests in the world granting them permission to absolve from the sin of abortion, previously reserved to a Bishop:
APOSTOLIC LETTER
Misericordia et misera
OF THE HOLY FATHER
FRANCIS
AT THE CONCLUSION
OF THE EXTRAORDINARY
JUBILEE OF MERCY
Francis
to all who read this Apostolic Letter
mercy and peace
The 'cap' (beanie) worn by some priests, and all bishops, cardinals and the pope is called a zucchetto.
.Catholic AnswerThe Holy Father in Rome has authority over all bishops and priests in the world, but particularly, he is the Bishop of Rome.
He is the leader of the entire Catholic Church, including priests.
the Cardinals, bishops, priests and nuns all have certain duties to full fill in the Vatican where the Pope resides.
There can be no such person as a "wife of the Pope". The Pope must be a Cardinal of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are, for the most part Bishops (with a few priests). All priests and bishops of the Catholic church take a vow of celibacy when they are first ordained and cannot ever marry. Even in the Eastern Rites which allow married priests, the Bishops are only chosen from the celibate priests.
Yes and no. All popes are priests (bishops) but not all priests are popes. There is one pope but many priests. The pope is the leader of the Catholic Church, chosen in a secret election by the College of Cardinals.
Yes, priests ultimately answer to the pope, as he is the spiritual leader of the Roman Catholic Church and holds authority over all clergy. However, in practice, priests typically report to their local bishops, who oversee their work and provide guidance. The bishops themselves are responsible to the pope, creating a hierarchical structure within the Church.
The first time the word Cardinal was used was in a letter between Pope Zacharias to Pippin III in 747. The title applied to all priests in Paris distinguishing them from country clergy. Cardinal Richelieu was one of the earliest of these priests.
The chain of authority goes thusly: Jesus Christ Pope Bishops Priests Deacons Bishops that are head of an Archdiocese are known as Archbishops, Bishops that have been chosen as electors of the new Pope are Cardinals, but they all remain bishops.
Priests, Deacons, Bishops, Cardinals, Monsignor's, the Pope, are all members of the Catholic clergy.
There is no pope of Spain, only the pope who resides in the Vatican who is the pope of ALL countries.
The pope gives leadership and spiritual guidance. That way all priests and bishops are 'on the same page' and teaching only what is considered correct doctrine.