In the Talmud, (Shabbat 31a), the following story is told about the leading rabbi of his time, Hillel (who died in around 10CE) in which he answers this question:
On another occasion it happened that a certain heathen came before Shammai and said to him, 'Make me a proselyte, on condition that you teach me the whole Torah while I stand on one foot.' Thereupon he repulsed him with the builder's cubit which was in his hand. [Rashi explains: a cubit to measure off the amount of work done by a builder.] When he went before Hillel, he said to him, 'What is hateful to you, do not to your neighbour: that is the whole Torah, while the rest is the commentary thereof; go and learn it.' [Soncino translation]
Hillel's answer was a paraphrase of the Golden Rule, which appeared first in the Jewish scriptures (Leviticus 19:18), Love your neighbour as yourself.
The central moral message of the Torah is this: What is hateful to you, do not do to another. The rest of the Torah are details. Go study.
The Torah
The entire Torah.
Yes, the Torah is the basic text of Judaism, containing its beliefs and laws.
The entire content of the Torah.
All of the commands in the Torah.
If it's in the Torah, it's basic to Judaism.
That God exists and gave the Torah.
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Was and still is. The answer is: The laws of the Torah, which contains the several hundred basic commands of Judaism.See also:More about the Torah's laws
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The Jewish writings that contain the history of the Israelites and the basic laws of their religion are called the Torah. It is the first part of the Hebrew Bible and is considered the most sacred text in Judaism. The Torah consists of the five books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.