Cyrus, king of Persia.
Cyrus the Great.
King Cyrus.
There was no 'church' and Israel was in northern Palestine. Hebrews who had been deported to Babylon by the Babylonians were allowed to return to Jerusalem to attempt to reclaim ancestral lands, and on the side rebuilt the destroyed temple.
Jesus did not rebuild the temple.
Cyrus the Great, the Persian king, allowed the Hebrews to return to Jerusalem following the Babylonian exile. This event is documented in the Bible, specifically in the Book of Ezra, and took place around 538 BCE. Cyrus issued a decree that not only permitted the return but also encouraged the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem, marking a significant moment in Jewish history.
The Persian King Cyrus the Great allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild their temple. After conquering Babylon in 539 BCE, he issued a decree permitting exiled Jews to return to their homeland and restore their religious practices. This event is documented in the biblical books of Ezra and Isaiah, highlighting Cyrus's role in facilitating the Jewish return and the rebuilding of the Second Temple.
After defeating Babylon, Cyrus the Great of Persia allowed the Jews (and other people) to return to their homeland in 538 BCE.
A book of the bible did not allow anything, people did. If the question intends to ask: "In what book of the Bible does it discuss the return of the Jews from exile and the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem?" there are two answers. The Book of Ezra and the Book of Nehemiah discuss this.
Around 539 BCE.
About 40,000 of the Hebrews aristocracy who had been deported to Babylon and were willing to return and try to recover land they claimed in Judah.
The gentile ruler anointed by God was Cyrus the Great, king of Persia, who allowed the Jewish people to return to Jerusalem and rebuild their temple, fulfilling prophecies in the Old Testament.
The return from exile predated Jesus by over five centuries.