Exodus 20: 1-18
The first 4 are for God.
The next 6 are for man.
1. You will not have other gods but me (God)
2. Do not make any carved images to worship (idols) but you are to love me (God)
3. Do not curse using God's name
4. Keep the sabbath day holy (lunar 7th day - not Sunday or Saturday but the full moon, quarter moons and new moon)
5) Respect your parents
6) No killing other people
7) Do not commit adultery (no sex except with spouse)
8) No stealing
9) Do not tell lies
10) Do not be jealous of what others have
These are only 10 of 613 rules.
Jesus summed them up into one new commandment - "LOVE EVERYONE". See John 13:34
Then in Matthew 5:27-28 Jesus says that even if you think about sinning then you've sinned - not just doing the deed but thinking it is wrong... bottom line, you are a sinner no matter how hard you try and the only way to be forgiven is to accept Jesus as sacrificial lamb of God died for our sins.
You see, back in the Old Testament, the Hebrews had to kill something on an alter to be forgiven. Jesus took the place of all those animals and all is forgiven.
Salvation is by Grace - through Faith - plus Nothing... no good deeds, no donations, no other way to get into heaven (and out of hell). Grace is the hand of God that reaches down and freely offers salvation - Faith is hand of man reaching up and receives it... just don't forget to say "thank you".
Everything else is denominational b.s.
Except, since this question was asked in the Tanakh and Talmud section (both of which are solely Jewish literature), Jesus isn't seen as a messiah in Judaism, so the above answer (in regards to Judaism) is "denominational b.s."
The Torah, or Teachings.
God gave them to Moses on the top of Mt. Sinai in 1498 b.c. and Moses told them to the Israelites.
He gave them to Moses, but they were intended for Israel specifically and all mankind in general.
Moses brought the ten commandments to the Israelites, as he climbed down Mt. Sinai. Thus, he gave them knowledge of God's law.
Moses didn't act on his own accord. He was following the command of God (Exodus ch.3) in freeing the Israelites from Egyptian slavery. God gave the Torah, but that wasn't "in return" for freeing the Israelites; it was the purpose for which the Israelites were freed.
Moses was 80 years old when God called him to lead the Israelites out of Egypt.
The giving of the Ten Commandments by God to Moses, establishing moral and ethical guidelines for the Israelites. Moses' face-to-face encounter with God, where he received further divine instructions and guidance for leading the Israelites.
it is about god asking moses to free the Israelites
Moses killed the Egyptian, so he had to wait for forty years until it was God's time to free the Israelites.
God chose Moses to lead the Israelites out of Egypt because he was faithful, humble, and willing to follow God's instructions. Moses also had a unique upbringing that prepared him for the task, and he had a deep connection with God, making him a suitable leader for the Israelites.
He was the greatest of God's prophets (Numbers ch.12, Deuteronomy ch.34). He was God's dedicated emissary in announcing the Plagues, in bringing the Israelites out of Egyptian slavery, in leading them in the wilderness, and in giving them God's Torah. See also:More about Moses
God was angry with Moses because Moses did not follow God's instructions when striking a rock to bring forth water for the Israelites.