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A:A notion of original sin had received little attention in the Church until Saint Augustine of Hippo (354-430) introduced the concept to the western half of the Christian Church. It was never accepted in the Greek-speaking east and has been largely abandoned by many of the Protestant Churches. Augustine said that original sin resulted directly from the disobedience of Adam and Eve, and believed that it could only be removed by baptism, so without baptism, souls could not go to heaven.

Cardinal George Pell recently stated that the story of Adam and Eve is a myth, describing it as a religious story told for religious purposes. Without their existence, it will be hard to sustain the belief that Christians are born with original sin as a consequence of the sin of Adam and Eve, or that without baptism all are condemned to hell. It is too early to predict that the Church will soon abandon the doctrine of original sin, yet Adam and Eve can no longer be blamed for original sin that Christian tradition said that we all bear.

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AnswerThe doctrine of Original Sin begins in the Old Testament, with Adam and Eve in Genesis, Psalm 50 (Psalm 51 in newer Bibles - the Miserere); "For behold I was conceived in iniquities: and in sins did my mother conceive me. (Job 14, 4 {according to the Vulgate}). The death of our first parents with regard to original sin is clearly stated in the Old Testament, cf. Ecclus. 25, 33 (From the woman came the beginning of sin, and by her we all die), Wisdom 2:24 (But by the envy of the devil, death came into the world.) The classical proof is Rom 5, 12-21; and, of course, the evidence of the first century Church in baptizing infants is irrefutable proof. It was only with the heresy of the Pelagians that St. Augustine was called in to re-state the eternal truth against the heretics. Most doctrines of the faith are explicated that way.

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from The Catechism of the Catholic Church, second edition, English translation 1994

Original Sin - an essential truth of the faith

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388 With the progress of Revelation, the reality of sin is also illuminated. Although to some extent the People of God in the Old Testament had tried to understand the pathos of the human condition in the light of the history of the fall narrated in Genesis, they could not grasp this story's ultimate meaning, which is revealed only in the light of the death and Resurrection of Jesus Christ. (Cf. Rom 5:12-21) We must know Christ as the source of grace in order to know Adam as the source of sin. The Spirit-Paraclete, sent by the risen Christ, came to convict the world concerning sin," (Jn 16:8) by revealing him who is its Redeemer.

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405 Although it is proper to each individual, (Cf. Council of Trent: Denzinger-Schonmetzer, Enchiridion Symbolorum, definitionum de rebus fidei et morum (1965) 1514) original sin does not have the character of a personal fault in any of Adam's descendants. It is a deprivation of original holiness and justice, but human nature has not been totally corrupted: it is wounded in the natural powers proper to it; subject to ignorance, suffering, and the dominion of death; and inclined to sin-an inclination to evil that is called "concupiscence." Baptism, by imparting the life of Christ's grace, erases original sin and turns a man back toward God, but the consequences for nature, weakened and inclined to evil, persist in man and summon him to spiritual battle.

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