The word maṇḍala (मण्डल) comes from the ancient Indian language Sanskrit, and means "circle." Maṇḍala refers to the sections of work of the Ṛgveda, and is also used to describe imagry in spiritual practice and meditation within the Indian traditions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism. An example of a maṇḍala from these religions would be the geometric designs called yantras.
One theory on the origin of maṇḍalas (particularly yantras), is based on the geometric patterns created by sound frequency. Each frequency arranges particles in a different pattern, as illustrated by sand on a drum or speaker. This suggests that maṇḍalas (yantras) may be linked with the concept of creation through sound - Speech (Sanskrit, vāk - वाक्) or Word (Greek, logos - λόγος).
The term maṇḍala is sometimes applied to similar imagry found outside of Indian religions, including Christianity (eg. celtic cross) and Native American traditions (eg. medicine wheels).
from the far east
mandalas had first appeared in 1500 bc to 2000 bc
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A lot of Mandalas are found in India and are made by Hindu and Buddhist people.
Mandalas have been used in various cultures for centuries, with origins traced back to Hinduism and Buddhism in the 4th century and possibly earlier. The exact age of mandalas can vary depending on the specific cultural context in which they are used.
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Buddhism
Mandalas are important as spiritual and ritual symbols representing the universe, unity, and harmony. They are used in meditation as a tool to focus the mind and promote relaxation. Mandalas can also convey personal meaning and serve as a form of self-expression and creativity.
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Common characteristics of mandalas include being circular in shape, intricately designed, symmetrical, and containing patterns or shapes that radiate from the center outwards. Mandalas often incorporate symbols and geometric shapes that can have spiritual or religious significance.
Klaus Holitzka has written: 'Mandalas of the Celts' -- subject(s): Celts, Coloring books, Mandala, Religion 'Mandalas celtes'