Any Scholars whose rules are in accordance with Quran and the right sunnah ( rules ) that were narrated about Prophet Mohammed (pbuh). They do not based their rules on their desires or to satisfy people.
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Much was preserved by the Islamic medieval Islamic scholars.
Yes, the hadith collection of Abu Dawud is considered authentic by scholars of Islamic jurisprudence.
ulema
Arabic
Numerous people, typically Islamic Scholars and researchers into Islam and its traditions.
The caliphs/emirs/sultans and the scholars and judges
One of the leaders of Mali, Mansa Musa, was Islamic so he tried making Mali islamic. On his journey home to west africa, Mansa Musa brought with him several Islamic scholars to teach his people the words of Qu'ran and just how to live as true muslims.
The Greek philosopher who was studied by Muslim scholars was Aristotle. His works were translated into Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age, and his ideas had a significant influence on Islamic philosophy and science.
The Muslim scholars formulated trade and economic rules and provided guidance in the field of trade and economics.
During the Islamic Golden Age, scholars made significant contributions to various fields, but one of the most notable was the establishment of the scientific method and advancements in the field of chemistry, often referred to as alchemy. Islamic scholars like Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber) laid the groundwork for modern chemistry through systematic experimentation and the classification of substances. They also made advancements in medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy, influencing later developments in these disciplines.
Most scholars (both Islamic and Non-Islamic) believe a lunar or luni-solar calendar was in existence in pre-Islamic Arabia, with the obvious omission of the four 'special' months.
islamic public school