Muslims follow the Quran and the Sunnah. Quran is the sacred book that God has sent to Earth and Sunnah is the ways of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. If the followers of Islam are seeking for the answers (ie. what to do if such and such happened) that are not mentioned during the time of Prophet, peace be upon him... there are Islamic scholars who have the high possibility answers according to the Quran, most likely and that they thinks is correct.
There is no current Prophet and there is no current leader, called "khalifah" or "deputy"
As far as I am aware Islam does not have a single spiritual leader, in the same way that Christianity has the Pope. Until the end of the Ottoman Empire (1918) the sultan of the Ottoman Empire was the de facto spiritual leader of Islam.
To be leader over Islam as seen by Shia Muslims, you must be the best religious and political scholar in current time.
one billion and counting..
Muhammad is said to be the founding leader and prophet of Islam
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the original leader of Islam.
The leader of Nation of Islam in 60s-70s was Elijah Muhammad. The current leader is named Louis Farrakhan However, we should know that Nation od Islam (NOI) is quite different bthan the main stream Islam and followers of NOI are not considered to basic principles of Islam and Quran teachings as instructed by prophet Muhammad. Refer to related questions below.
Islam is a religion not a spiritual leader. Islam is not dead.
Islam daily leader is called Imam who leads Muslims on praying for God.
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Two. Two-Headed-Eagle.
The leader of Islam is prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and started in Mecca (or Makkah) in Saudi Arabia.