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Deacons are ordained ministers of the Church, and so may officially witness a marriage (it is actually the couple who are the ministers of marriage in the Latin Rite).

However, they are not bishops or priests, who are the only authorized presiders at the Eucharist.

There are many reasons for this, but one of the historical causes is originally only the bishop could preside at Mass. The deacons were his assistants, and the priests his advisers. Eventually, the priests took over responsibilities in leading parishes from the bishops, and with the leadership of a parish came the leadership at Mass. Deacons remained the assistants to the bishop, and so only rarely took on this responsibility.

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