Why did God tell Abraham to move to Canaan?

Answer 1

According to tradition, it was because God promised him this land to build a nation, and told him to go there (Genesis ch.12).

More background:

According to tradition, Abraham founded Judaism, and Moses later received the Torah from God.
Abraham, tenth generation descendant of Noah, of Hebrew lineage, was the son of Terah, uncle of Lot, father of Isaac, grandfather of Jacob, and ancestor of the Israelites. His story is in Genesis ch.11 (end), through ch.25. Jewish tradition states that he was the first to teach belief in One God; and it is in his merit that Jews continue to exist (Genesis 18:19, and ch.17).
Abraham (18th century BCE) came from ancestry that had been God-fearing a couple of centuries earlier but had afterwards slipped into idolatry (Joshua 24:2). Nimrod, the idolatrous tyrant, had brought Abraham's father (Terah) from the Semitic ancestral seat near the conjunction of the Balikh and the Euphrates, and instated him in a position of power in his army in the royal Babylonian city of Ur, where Abraham was born. Nimrod persecuted any who would question his idolatrous cult.
The Kuzari (Rabbi Judah HaLevi, 1075-1141) states that Abraham was gifted with high intelligence; and, as Maimonides (1135-1204) describes, Abraham didn't blindly accept the ubiquitous idolatry. The whole populace had been duped, but the young Abraham contemplated the matter relentlessly, finally arriving at the conclusion that there is One God and that this should be taught to others as well. This is what is meant by his "calling out in the name of the Lord" (Genesis ch.12). As a young man, he remonstrated with passersby in public, demonstrating to them the falsehood of their idols; and our tradition tells how he was threatened and endangered by Nimrod.
Subsequently, Terah relocated to Harran; and it is here that Abraham began to develop a circle of disciples (Rashi commentary, on Genesis 12:5).
Later, God told Abraham in prophecy to move to the Holy Land, which is where Abraham raised his family.
He continued his contemplations, eventually arriving at the attitudes and forms of behavior which God later incorporated into the Torah given to Moses.
Abraham, with God's help, singlehandedly trounced the supremacy of the evil Nimrod. He received God's promise of inheriting the Holy Land (Genesis 13). He strove to raise a family (Genesis ch.15, 17, and 24) which would serve God (Genesis 18:19); and God eventually blessed his efforts, granting him many children (ibid., ch.16, 21 and 25), as He had promised (Genesis ch.17). Abraham founded the Jewish people and lived to see his work live on in the persons of Isaac and Jacob; and he taught many other disciples as well (Talmud, Yoma 28b). He saved the population of the south of Canaan from invading foreign kings (Genesis 14); and he was feared by neighboring kings (ibid., ch.12 and 20). Abraham gave tithes (Genesis ch.14), entered into a covenant with God (Genesis ch.15 and 17), welcomed guests into his home (Genesis ch.18) unlike the inhospitable Sodomites (Genesis ch.19), prayed for people (Genesis ch.18), rebuked others when necessary (Genesis ch.20), eulogized and buried the deceased (Genesis ch.23), and fulfilled God's will unquestioningly (Genesis ch.22). He became renowned as a prince of God (Genesis 23:6).
All of these forms of behavior were based upon the ways of God, which Abraham comprehended through his contemplations. These, and similar personality traits, were the teachings of Abraham and his descendants (unlike idolatry, which had tended to go hand in hand with cruel, licentious and excessive behavior, since the caprices which were narrated concerning the idols were adopted as an excuse to imitate those types of behavior).
It is therefore clear why God expresses His love for Abraham (Isaiah 41:8) and calls Himself the God of Abraham (Genesis 26:24), and says that Abraham obeyed Him fully (Genesis 26:5). And this is why, according to our tradition, Abraham is credited with having begun the religion which became known as Judaism. However, Abraham and his descendants observed their traditions voluntarily, until the Giving of the Torah to Moses 3325 years ago, when God made it obligatory.

Answer 2

Canaan is the Holy Land. According to tradition, Adam is buried here in Israel (Canaan); and Terah, aware of the unique status of the land, intended to come here (Genesis 11:31) but never completed the journey (ibid). Also, the original inhabitants of the land were actually Semites, not Canaanites. The Canaanites usurped a land which didn't belong to them (Rashi commentary to Genesis 12:6). In that sense, God was now simply returning the land of Canaan to the choicest of its original owners.

Answer 3

Abraham was obeying the command of God (Genesis ch.12:1).
I think that a more pointed question could actually be, "Why did God tell Abraham to move from Ur to Canaan?" This kind of journey was fraught with danger and inconvenience, and Abraham was no longer young (he was in his seventies), so why did God do this to him?

1) This was one of the ten tests which our traditions record (Mishna, Avot ch.5) as Abraham having been tested by God. He succeeded in every one of the tests, which got progressively more difficult.

2) God was demonstrating that His blessing overcomes even seemingly insurmountable obstacles. He promised that Abraham would thrive (Genesis 12:2) despite the dictates of circumstance, and that is exactly what happened (Genesis 13:2).

3) Ur was an urban metropolis and a bastion of ingrained idolatry, with its self-styled "divine" kings who had their soldiers crush any dissension in a manner reminiscent of the Soviets. God was preparing the stage of history for the spreading of Abraham's teachings; and Ur was not the best place for that.

(This is more fully explained in: Abraham's biography)
The people of Canaan seemed more open to change. They had tens of city-states with no single emperor and Abraham could journey from one region of the land to another (Genesis 12:6-9), gradually gathering an ever-larger entourage of disciples, until he was eventually held with great honor even by the general populace (Genesis 23:6).

4) Terah (Abraham's father) remained an idolater. Part of God's command to leave Harran (to which Terah had already relocated the family) meant leaving Terah (Genesis 12:1). Others (such as Abraham's brother Nahor) held Abraham in contempt for leaving his aged father, but God was in effect saying that the urgency of abandoning idolatry outweighed everything else. Had Abraham remained with Terah (or taken him to Canaan), it would have been misinterpreted as being complacent with Terah's idolatry. Nahor and his children, who remained with Terah, never did accept Abraham's belief in One God.

5) Canaan (Israel) was and is a holy land. That is why Adam and Eve (Chava) chose to be buried there (in Hebron); and Abraham secured a gravesite adjacent to theirs.

Answer 4

Genesis 11:31 reports that Abraham's father, Terah took Abraham and his grandson, Lot the son of Haran, from Ur in Chaldea to Haran in southeastern Turkey, on the way to Canaan. At God's command, Abraham later took his family out of Haran and into the land of the Canaanites, which God promised he would give to Abraham's descendants.

Ur and Haran were the two principal cities of the moon god, Sin, and it is a very plausible hypothesis that this migration story is a folk memory of the spread of the moon god cult from Ur to Haran and then into Palestine.

Answer 5

He did not. Abraham returned from Egypt to Canaan (Genesis ch.13) by his own decision.

Rather, God (before that) told Abraham to leave Mesopotamia and go to Canaan (Genesis 12:1-2). This is because the Land of Israel (Canaan) is favored by God (Deuteronomy 11:12).

See also:

Abraham's biography

Answer 6

Abraham was obeying the command of God (Genesis ch.12:1).

I think that a more pointed question could actually be, "Why did God tell Abraham to move from Ur to Canaan?" This kind of journey was fraught with danger and inconvenience, and Abraham was no longer young (he was in his seventies), so why did God do this to him?

1. This was one of the ten tests which our traditions record (Mishna, Avot ch.5) as Abraham having been tested by God. He succeeded in every one of the tests, which got progressively more difficult.

2. God was demonstrating that His blessing overcomes even seemingly insurmountable obstacles. He promised that Abraham would thrive (Genesis 12:2) despite the dictates of circumstance, and that is exactly what happened (Genesis 13:2).

3. Ur was an urban metropolis and a bastion of ingrained idolatry, with its self-styled "divine" kings who had their soldiers crush any dissension in a manner reminiscent of the Soviets. God was preparing the stage of history for the spreading of Abraham's teachings; and Ur was not the best place for that.

(This is more fully explained in: Abraham's biography)

The people of Canaan seemed more open to change. They had tens of city-states with no single emperor and Abraham could journey from one region of the land to another (Genesis 12:6-9), gradually gathering an ever-larger entourage of disciples, until he was eventually held with great honor even by the general populace (Genesis 23:6).

4. Terah (Abraham's father) remained an idolater. Part of God's command to leave Harran (to which Terah had already relocated the family) meant leaving Terah (Genesis 12:1). Others (such as Abraham's brother Nahor) held Abraham in contempt for leaving his aged father, but God was in effect saying that the urgency of abandoning idolatry outweighed everything else. Had Abraham remained with Terah (or taken him to Canaan), it would have been misinterpreted as being complacent with Terah's idolatry. Nahor and his children, who remained with Terah, never did accept Abraham's belief in One God.

5. Canaan (Israel) was and is a holy land. That is why Adam and Eve (Chava) chose to be buried there (in Hebron); and Abraham secured a gravesite adjacent to theirs.

Answer 7

The Bible does not specifically say but it may have been to remove him from the idolatrous practices of the people of Ur.

Answer 8

God told him to (Genesis 12:1).