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There were many reasons. The "final straw" was the selling of indulgences in order to fund the building of St. Peter's Basilica, under construction at the time. The faithful could pay money in order to get the soul of a loved one released from purgatory (a concept that is not recognized by other mainstream Christian denominations, and which was discredited even by John Paul II) and freed to enter heaven. The church taught that the time in purgatory could be hundreds or thousands of years. Purgatory was like hell, but not permanent. Once in hell, there is no escape. People who were sent to purgatory died still with stains on their soul, but not caused by unconfessed "mortal" sin. No heaven if you didn't get totally purified first! So the faithful could be in agony over the thought that deceased loved ones were burning in purgatory, when they had enough money to buy them out.

It's not hard to see why Luther had problems with this.

Rome broke with Dr. Martin Luther, by excommunicating him in 1521, leaving him no other choice but to participate in congregations not controlled by the Church of Rome, otherwise suffer inquisition if caught or found by the Holy See.

In 1517, conciliarism was challenged by the Papacy of Rome, and the Papacy won that challenge, overthrowing the Catholic Council of Bishops' authority over Catholic theology. The Papacy adopted Primacy of the Pope as dogma and doctrine, to prevent theological challenges to Papal bulls in future generations of Popes. Catholic priests defected from the Holy See of Rome throughout the Holy Roman Empire; establishing or transferring congregations to retain their traditional Catholic faith as they understood it; outside the influence of civil intervention in theological affairs where the Holy Roman Empire would intervien through the Holy See of Rome.

The United States broke with Rome under the Monroe Doctrine and Rosevelt Corolary; both of which denounced Primacy of the Pope to appoint or dispose of civil servants at the time, will, or direction of the Papacy's choosing. The Holy See of Rome is technically a theocratic religion that doesn't observe civil authority or the voting-in of elected officials; only rule by way of the priesthood is recognized for the purpose of rule of law and political appointments. This language still exists, but isn't discussed or enforced in our modern era and will continue to be a contentious aspect of government vs. Catholic-Latin Rite theocracy. Dr. Martin Luther preached the Two Kingdoms or Two Realms; where God has control over both, but congregations only exersice spiritual authority within the walls of the Church; while exerting spiritual influence in the civil kingdom or civil realm. Lutheran theology strictly prohibits theocratic rule of authority; which is a polar opposite from the Holy See of Rome.

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