Yes they do. They cannot travel to Europe without a visa being issued prior to travel. I am a UK citizen and my wife is Chinese and we have been through the visa process for different types of visa. It is easier to get a tourist visa if you travel as a group to the UK. Individual visa's for tourists are very difficult to get to the UK. Hope this helps.
Yes, you need a passport to travel to Europe.
No, you do not need a passport to travel to Arizona if you are a U.S. citizen.
No, you do not need a passport to travel to Florida if you are a U.S. citizen.
Yes, a US citizen needs a visa to travel to Russia.
Yes, an Indian citizen needs a visa to travel to Jamaica.
No, there is no need to have visa traveling to EU countries. But in countries like Russia, Ukraine, Belarus British may need some additional permissions.
Yes, a US citizen does not need a visa to travel to London for stays up to 6 months.
no
Yes, definitely!
If you are not a Filipino Citizen then you need to do so but if you are a Filipino, no need for passport for the travel.
money!
NO