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Discrimination and xenophobia are endemic conditions to a tribal animals, such as humans are. From the earliest periods of city-states, we see discrimination against the residents of other city-states and peoples of the periphery. The city-states encouraged this in their Propaganda to make their population more ready to defend the government of those states.

However, particular instances of discrimination, such as Anti-Black Racism, Anti-Semitism (Judenhass), Anti-Ziganism, Anti-Catholic hatred, Anti-Protestant hatred, Anti-Muhammadanism, etc. come as a result of particular political experiences and historical circumstances. For example, anti-Black Racism developed from the European need to justify the mass enslavement of Black peoples prior to shipping them en masse to the Americas. Prior to this, Blacks were simply a different group of people who were inferior because they were different than "civilized people", just as Vikings were. However, in the 15th and 16th centuries literature developed "explaining" that Blacks were an especially accursed and more monkey-like people and, therefore, it was not only just to enslave them, but desirable since they could be "acculturated" by the European civilizations that would rob them of their lives.

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11y ago

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