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Europeans used science to justify Imperialism through ideas such as Social Darwinism, which argued that certain races and societies were biologically superior to others. They also used anthropology to classify and rank different cultures, providing a framework to justify European domination and colonization of "lesser" societies. Additionally, Europeans used advances in technology and medicine to portray themselves as more advanced and capable of bringing progress and civilization to the "uncivilized" populations they sought to control.

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