Mining

Mining in the Amazon may provide economic benefits in terms of job creation and revenue generation for the government. It can also contribute to the global supply of minerals and metals. However, it can have negative impacts on the environment, including deforestation, water pollution, and disruption of ecosystems, which can have long-term consequences on biodiversity and local communities.

No, gabbro is not a felsic rock. Gabbro is classified as a mafic rock due to its dark color and high content of iron and magnesium minerals, while felsic rocks are light-colored and have a higher silica content.

Samuel the Lamanite in Helaman 14:21-22 in the Book of Mormon stated that the Rocks of the earth at that time (5 BC) were basically one solid mass. He prophecied that at the death of Christ, all the rocks would be broken and would be found thereafter in cracks and seams and fragments upon the face of the whole earth. If this did take place at Christ's death, I is a great symbol of the Redeeming Rock being broken. The Stone of Israel who was the Rock of Salvation, who created the Rocks of the earth, was bruised and broken for our sake and every rock on the earth broke as they paid respect to the Messiah.

There are many disadvantages to mining. The main disadvantages include the danger to the miner, environmental hazards, the stripping of natural resources, and the permanent scarring of the landscape.

the hardness of galena on the Mohs scale is 2.5

we dnt no :)

We can only estimate. There are two types of crust: continental and oceanic. By volume the continental makes up about 70% and the oceanic makes up about 30%. Continental crust varies from 30 to 70km thick (with an avearge of 40km or so) and has an average density of 2.7 g/cm^3. Oceanic crust varies from 5 to 10km thick (with an average of 8km or so) and a density of about 3.3 g/cm^3. We can calculate the weighted average for the thickness of the total crust and get an estimate of about 30.4 km:

70% * 40 km + 30% * 8 km = 30.4km

Calculate the volume of the total crust as the difference between the total volume of the Earth and the volume less the crust. Using an average radius on Earth of 6371km:

4/3 * pi * (6371 km^3 - 6340.6 km^3) = 1.54321 *10^10 km^3 = 1.54321 *10^19m^3

Remember that by volume this is 70% continental and 30% oceanic. Using this and the densities given above we can calculate the masses of each part of the crust:

Continental:

1.54321 *10^19 m^3 * 70% * 2700 kg/m^3 = 2.92 * 10^22 kg

Oceanic:

1.54321 *10^19 m^3 * 30% * 3300 kg/m^3 = 1.53 * 10^22 kg

This gives a total bulk mass of the crust of around 4.45 * 10^22 kg.

A quick search on the internet tells me that the average gold grade in the bulk crust is 0.0011 ppm gold. This equates to 0.0011 grams of gold per tonne of crust. So:

4.45 * 10^22 kg = 4.45 *10^19 tonnes

4.45 * 10^19 tonnes * 0.0011 g/tonne = 4.90 * 10^16 g of gold

This works out to approximately 50 billion tonnes of gold, or at current gold prices (~$1200/ounce) approximately $2,000,000,000,000,000,000! (of course with that much gold available, I doubt gold prices would stay at $1200 an ounce).

Of course the are all estimates, but the moral of the story is that if you could find a way to economically extract this gold, you would be a very rich person.

Iron ore is processed and converted into steel by steel mills. The process involves extracting iron from the ore through smelting and refining it to remove impurities. The molten iron is then cast into various shapes and cooled to form the final steel product.

The density of an ore depends on its composition, but generally falls in the range of 2.5 to 7.5 g/cm3. The density of an ore is an important characteristic for mineral processing and ore sorting, as it can help separate valuable minerals from waste material based on their different densities. Denser minerals tend to be more valuable as they often contain higher concentrations of valuable metals.

Anderson's theory of faulting, proposed by Robert M. Anderson in 1905, suggests that faults form in response to the maximum principal stress direction being oriented at a low angle to the Earth's surface. This theory describes how faults develop based on the orientation of stress in the Earth's crust and has been influential in understanding fault mechanics and earthquake mechanisms.

A pebble is probably a little bit of rock worn down from a big rock.

No, quartz itself is not poisonous. It is a common mineral found in rocks and soils and is generally safe to handle. However, inhalation of fine quartz dust during activities like cutting or grinding quartz can be harmful to the lungs over time, so appropriate precautions should be taken when working with quartz.

Minerals are solid elements or compounds found naturally in the Earth's crust. Those minerals

that contain sufficient metal to be of practical and economic use are called ores. Metals are

usually extracted from ores using a combination of heating and reduction with carbon in the form

of charcoal or coke. Not all metals can be extracted from their ores in this manner and may need

to be extracted by a process called electrolysis.

Metals with low chemical activity, such a gold and silver are normally found in their pure state.

Copper, tin, lead, and iron are more reactive and must be heated with carbon to extract the metals.

Aluminum, calcium, sodium and other active metals are extracted using electrolysis.

Copper can be extracted from its ores by reduction. One of the common copper ores, malachite,

which is composed of mainly copper carbonate, CuCO3xCu(OH)2, is heated to produce copper

oxide with the release of carbon dioxide.

CuCO3xCu(OH)2 → 2 CuO + CO2 + H2O

The copper oxide is then heated with carbon to get copper.

2 CuO + C → 2 Cu + CO2

The resulting copper, however, is pure enough to be used for many industrial applications, but it

has to be further refined for electrical uses. That copper is cast into thick sheets known as anodes

and are placed in large electrolytic cells filled with a copper sulfate solution. A DC electric

current is passed through the cells causing the copper anodes to dissolve and deposits pure copper

on the opposite pole called the cathode. The final product is between 99.94 and 99.96% Cu.

The volume of a box measuring 1m on each side is 1 cubic meter. Therefore, 1000 liters (1000L) of liquid will fit into this box, as 1 cubic meter is equivalent to 1000 liters.

Halite is the native mineral that we know as salt, as in table salt. It is an essential mineral, and it was known, used and even traded between peoples before recorded history. In that light, we cannot know who "discovered" halite. A link can be found below.

Sublevel stoping is a mining method where ore is mined in horizontal slices (or sublevels) starting from the bottom of the deposit and moving upwards. Once one sublevel is mined out, the next one above is blasted and the process continues until reaching the surface. This method is commonly used for steeply-dipping ore bodies where access from a single level is not feasible.

Deep mining involves extracting minerals and resources from deep underground deposits, typically several thousand feet below the Earth's surface. This method requires extensive digging and drilling to reach the desired resources. Deep mining poses significant challenges regarding safety, ventilation, and ground stability.

Decomposers play a role in bioleaching, a process used in mining to extract metals from ores. They break down organic matter or sulfide minerals in the ore, releasing valuable metals in the process. This can help make certain metals more accessible for extraction.

Mangenite is magneisum ore.

Haemetite is iron ore.

Malakite is copper ore.

Bauxite is aluminum ore.

Mining in the Appalachian Plateau can lead to deforestation, habitat destruction, water pollution, and soil degradation. It can also negatively impact local communities by disrupting their way of life and increasing the risk of environmental hazards like landslides and floods. Additionally, mining operations can contribute to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, further exacerbating environmental concerns in the region.

No, we have not drilled into the upper mantle. The deepest hole ever drilled, the Kola Superdeep Borehole in Russia, reached a depth of about 7.5 miles (12 kilometers) into the Earth's crust, but it did not penetrate the mantle. The upper mantle lies beneath the Earth's crust, and drilling through it would pose significant technical and logistical challenges.

The largest uranium deposits are found in countries like Kazakhstan, Australia, Canada, and Russia. These countries have significant amounts of uranium resources that are extracted for use in nuclear power generation and other applications.

Underground mining involves digging shafts and tunnels to access mineral deposits buried deep in the ground. Miners use specialized equipment to extract the ore, which is then brought to the surface for processing. Support systems are in place to ensure the safety of miners and to prevent collapses in the underground mine workings.

Yes, it is possible for large magma bodies to take millions of years to cool completely due to their size and the insulating effect of surrounding rock. However, most magma bodies cool much more quickly, typically within a few thousand to a few hundred thousand years.

A horizontal mine shaft is called an adit. It is a passage or tunnel that connects the surface with underground mine workings for access, ventilation, and transportation of materials.