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Technology

The practical application of knowledge, especially in a particular area, is called technology. Advances in technology affect every area of our lives. This category is for questions about technology and includes everything from how to remove a scratch from a CD to applications of electronics to what polyester is made from and more.

35,090 Questions

Which energy transfers are used in the electric coil of a baseboard heater?

Electricity is converted to heat energy in the electric coil of a baseboard heater. The electrical energy is transformed into thermal energy when the current flows through the coil, creating resistance and generating heat.

What magnet does a magnet strip use?

The process of attaching a magnetic stripe to a plastic card was invented by IBM in 1960 under a contract with the US government for a security system. Forrest Parry, an IBM Engineer, had the idea of securing a piece of magnetic tape, the predominant storage medium at the time, to a plastic card base. He became frustrated because every adhesive he tried produced unacceptable results. The tape strip either warped or its characteristics were affected by the adhesive, rendering the tape strip unusable. After a frustrating day in the laboratory, trying to get the right adhesive, he came home with several pieces of magnetic tape and several plastic cards. As he walked in the door at home, his wife Dorothea was ironing and watching TV. She immediately saw the frustration on his face and asked what was wrong. He explained the source of his frustration: inability to get the tape to "stick" to the plastic in a way that would work. She said, "Here, let me try the iron." She did and the problem was solved. The heat of the iron was just high enough to bond the tape to the card.[1]

There were a number of steps required to convert the magnetic striped media into an industry acceptable device. These steps included: 1) Creating the international standards for stripe record content, including which information, in what format, and using which defining codes. 2) Field testing the proposed device and standards for market acceptance. 3) Developing the manufacturing steps needed to mass produce the large number of cards required. 4) Adding stripe issue and acceptance capabilities to available equipment. These steps were initially managed by Jerome Svigals of the Advanced Systems Division of IBM, Los Gatos, California from 1966 to 1975.

In most magnetic stripe cards, the magnetic stripe is contained in a plastic-like film. The magnetic stripe is located 0.223 inches (5.56 mm) from the edge of the card, and is 0.375 inches (9.52 mm) wide. The magnetic stripe contains three tracks, each 0.110 inches (2.79 mm) wide. Tracks one and three are typically recorded at 210 bits per inch (8.27 bits per mm), while track two typically has a recording density of 75 bits per inch (2.95 bits per mm). Each track can either contain 7-bit alphanumeric characters, or 5-bit numeric characters. Track 1 standards were created by the airlines industry (IATA). Track 2 standards were created by the banking industry (ABA). Track 3 standards were created by the Thrift-Savings industry.

Magstripes following these specifications can typically be read by most point-of-sale hardware, which are simply general-purpose computers that can be programmed to perform specific tasks. Examples of cards adhering to these standards include ATM cards, bank cards (credit and debit cards including VISA and MasterCard), gift cards, loyalty cards, driver's licenses, telephone cards, membership cards, electronic benefit transfer cards (e.g. food stamps), and nearly any application in which value or secure information is not stored on the card itself. Many video game and amusement centers now use debit card systems based on magnetic stripe cards.

Magnetic stripe cloning can be detected by the implementation of magnetic card reader heads and firmware that can read a signature of magnetic noise permanently embedded in all magnetic stripes during the card production process. This signature can be used in conjunction with common two factor authentication schemes utilized in ATM, debit/retail point-of-sale and prepaid card applications.

Counterexamples of cards which intentionally ignore ISO standards include hotel key cards, most subway and bus cards, and some national prepaid calling cards (such as for the country of Cyprus) in which the balance is stored and maintained directly on the stripe and not retrieved from a remote database.

What is the difference between a disk sector and a track sector?

A magnetic disk is organized with circles called tracks. These tracks (think of the race track around a field) are the path followed by the magnetic head when reading and writing the signal.

The data is organized into short sections, called sectors. This is just a convenient size of data, rather like a page is a convenient size within a book. When you read or write data, you do not need to follow the whole track as it spins, just as many sectors as contained the data you are interested in.

On the most modern disks, each track holds a megabyte, more or less, and each sector is typically 4096 bytes. The whole disk may have hundreds of thousands of tracks.

Can you think of any tools or technologies that might have developed from people's observations of natural phenomena?

Yes, examples include biomimicry, where technologies are inspired by nature (e.g., Velcro from burdock burrs), and gecko-inspired adhesives for climbing robots. Additionally, the study of airflow around humpback whale flippers has led to more efficient wind turbine designs.

How much can you bend a polycarbonate ruler before it breaks?

Polycarbonate rulers are flexible and can typically bend without breaking when bent moderately. However, the exact amount they can bend before breaking will vary based on the thickness and quality of the ruler. It is recommended to avoid excessive bending to prevent damage.

How many miles per hour does xcelerator go?

Xcelerator at Knott's Berry Farm in California reaches a top speed of 82 miles per hour.

What is the name of something that is unable to be explained logically?

Illogical. I believe that everything can be explained eventually. There are some things, in fact a lot of things, that we can not explain now, but some day will be able to explain. So, you could say that something that can not be explained is a mystery waiting to be solved.

How did water fountains work in the old days?

In the old days, water fountains were typically operated by a system of pipes and gravity. Water would be pumped from a reservoir or source to the fountain, where it would flow out through spouts when activated by a lever or knob. Some fountains also used hydraulic pressure to create water displays or decorative effects.

What happens when you use a smaller resistor in place of larger one?

as we can deduce from its name, the resistor "resists" to the current (the movement of the electrons) so as the value of the resistor increases, the current flowing through it decreases.

so when you use a smaller resistor, the current increases, however the tension between its poles decreases ( due to the voltage divider law).

remember that the shortcircuit is due to the small value of the current , so we need always to have a resonable resistance on the circuit..... but not too high because joule losses we'll be more significant !!

hope i've been clear :D

When would you need to know the volume of a cylinder in real life?

There's any number of possibilities. It's important to know how much volume is in a pipe of a certain diameter, for example oil or water pipes. Buildings that use concrete pillars for support will need to know how much concrete to pour in the cylindrical forms. There are many more examples possible.

How do you know if a wire is an energy source?

A wire itself is not an energy source, but it can carry electricity from a power source to a device or appliance. The wire is considered part of an electrical circuit that connects the energy source to the device.

Can anything other than a human or large animal trigger an infrared motion detector?

Yes, infrared motion detectors can also be triggered by smaller animals, such as birds or rodents, as well as moving objects like falling leaves or branches. These detectors are sensitive to changes in temperature and movement, so any sudden change in the infrared signature can trigger them.

What class of medications keeps the eyes moist?

Artificial tears are a common class of medications used to keep the eyes moist. These eye drops mimic the composition of natural tears to help alleviate symptoms of dry eye. Various formulations are available over the counter or with a prescription.

What is the function of a propellant on a rocket?

The propellant in a rocket serves as the fuel that is burned to generate the thrust needed for propulsion. It undergoes a chemical reaction that releases energy, creating a high-pressure exhaust that is expelled out of the rocket nozzle, producing thrust in the opposite direction based on Newton's third law of motion.

What are stationary electric charges called?

Stationary electric charges are called static charges. These charges do not move and are typically found on objects that have gained or lost electrons.

What is coherent radar?

Coherent radar is a radar system that maintains a constant phase relationship between the transmitted and received radar signals. This allows for accurate measurements of the target's range, velocity, and direction. Coherent radar systems are widely used in weather monitoring, air traffic control, and military applications.

Is a shearing force the same as tearing?

I assume you are asking about shear stress... It is the force applied coplanar to the material cross section. Just imagine a match box with its one face sticked to ground. If you put your thumb on top of the match box and push it to a side then the box suffers a stress which is called shear stress.

According to my perception if you subject a material with such a kind of force the material 'may' undergo tearing internally...

Hope your question is answered...

How can make o2 from air?

Air is a mix of gasses- mainly nitrogen and oxygen, with a little carbon dioxide, argon, neon, radon etc thrown in. You do not MAKE oxygen from air, but you CAN separate pure oxygen from air. An oxygen concentrator uses a special membrane that has microscopic holes in it. Those holes allow 02 molecules to pas through, but not N2. Air can also be converted to a super cold liquid by compressing and chilling it. At temps below -320 degrees F, the nitrogen will stay liquid, but the oxygen (boiling point -361F) will boil off, and be captured.

What is the difference between stop motion animation and motion capture animation?

Stop motion is when you take pictures one after another and put the all together.

Like lego videos you see on youtube sometime. Claymation is stop motion. Capture animation is when you record from a camera.

Is silica dust toxic?

Yes, and it's cancerous at a certain dosage-exposure level. The accumulation is called Silicosis.
And under the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) monograph- it is classified as "carcinogenic to human".

How can you make solar cells for electricity from solar cells for heating?

To convert solar cells for heating into ones for electricity, you would need to incorporate a material that can convert sunlight into electricity, such as silicon. You would also need to add electrical connections and wiring to collect and transfer the generated electricity. Finally, ensure that the solar cells are properly oriented towards the sun for optimal electricity production.

What is synthetic analysis?

Synthetic analysis refers to the process of combining multiple sources of information or data to generate new insights or conclusions. It involves integrating data from different sources to create a more comprehensive understanding of a particular topic or problem. Synthetic analysis can help in identifying patterns, trends, and relationships that may not be apparent when looking at each data source individually.

Why is there a small hole at the bottom center of a speaker magnet?

The small hole at the bottom center of a speaker magnet is to allow for the speaker to be mounted onto a pivot or axis, ensuring it remains centered and balanced when attached to a speaker enclosure or frame. It also helps in dissipating heat generated during use.

Is pressure a contact or non-contact force?

Pressure is a contact force because it arises due to the interaction between two objects that are in contact with each other. It is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object due to the external load or the weight of the object itself.