Topology

A network of networks which consists of two or more physical networks connected by routers. Unlike a WAN and internetwork may reside in only a single location. Because it contains too many computers or spans too much distance an internetwork cannot fit within the scope of a single LAN.

An Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) is a peer-to-peer IEEE 802 wireless LAN configuration which does not use an access point infrastructure.

Token Ring. Nothing can communicate without the token, therefore there is never more than one device transmitting at a time, but it's very inefficient.

If you want the most efficient Ethernet topology, Full Mesh would be the most efficient traffic-wise, but not cost-effective. A Hierarchical topology would be a decent compromise between cost effectiveness and efficiency.

in star topology , the central hub is called......

(i) active hub (ii) passive hub (iii) inactive hub (iv) live hub

Devices- 6

W= n(n-1)/2

whereby W is number of cables

n is number of devices

solution

W= 6(6-1)/2

=6(5)/2

=3(5)

=15

15 cables

Computers can be interconnected in different ways to form a network. Such different ways of interconneconnection are called computer topologies.

There are 5 topologies. They are:

* BUS TOPOLOGY * RING TOPOLOGY * STAR TOPOLOGY * MESH TOPOLOGY * TREE TOPOLOGY

With all network topologies there is the ability to send data either way, e.g. uploading and downloading.

the partially connected topology is best for the wan because it us

network

this is cisco ccna online test. the answer should be option #3

The history of network topologies dates back to 1969-1970. This what when Roberts, who is now known as Dr. Howard, started researching on network topologies and founded Network Analysis Corporation.

bus

Star topology is the simplest and most comprehensible example of a centralized network there is. In star topology, all of the computers, printers, security feeds, etc., etc. that use the network are connected to a centralized hub, rather than to each other, in a star-like shape. The main advantage of this is that if one device goes down, the others stay up.

The obvious disadvantage of this is the network's dependence on the hub; if it fails, everything fails. Many chain-store type business's, much to the frustration of their employees, have actually turned this disadvantage into an advantage. Instead of spending money on quality devices at the store level, the business's put all of their money into the hub, then add a backup hub as a fail safe, and then finally an off-site disaster recovery hub for emergencies.

the ring topology is a network within which all computer are connected like in a circle. The ring topology data transmission is depending on a token. it's a programme given to a computer to allow it to communicate with others computers. it's useful but if one computer goes down, the topology is down too.

The physical connection is layer 1 of the OSI model, and is the medium through which the data is transfered. i.e., cables

The logical connection is layer 3 of the OSI model, and is the network portion. Using the Internetwork Protocol (IP), each host is assigned a 32 bit IP address. e.g. 192.168.1.1

Point to point- mesh and star.

Multi point- bus and ring.

A star topology.

A star topology.

A star topology.

A star topology.

Good compromise over the other two topologies as it allows relatively high rate of data tansmittion.

Well suited for temporary networks that must be set up in a hurry.

Easy to implement and extend.

When too many packets are present in a subnet, performance degrades. This situation is called Congestion.

Update:

In any network when there is too much the data traffic at a node that the network slows down or starts loosing data, it is known as network congestion. It degrades quality of service and also can lead to delays, lost data or e.g. dropped calls on a telephone network.

- Neeraj Sharma

when excess of data travels in a subnet or in node there will be a loss of data, this excess flow is know as network congestion.This demotes the performance in network e.g.improper delivery of fax

A node is a single workstation present in a computer networking, many node together when combined makes a network.

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when we decide to form a network such a shortest path have to establish for data transmitting,different type of topology we have to use.
for eg:-if i hav one server or hub or a switch(one centralize device)and 15 clients
to connect ,then there are various ways to connect them according to our need...
topologies are of type:
!)star-when we need all the terminal attched to one central decice
2)ring-whn we need all terminals connect to each other also
2)mesh-combination of ring and star
4)bus-when we dont need centrliez device,onle connect one terminal to another and so on
5)hybrid-combination of all topology

The most common LAN topology is that of a "star." In a star topology, each computer, or "node", is connected to a central hub. This is more reliable than a more classical "ring" topology, because a node failing will not bring down the entire network. A bus topology is arguably more reliable, but has poorer performance.

In a star topology, each device connects to a central network connectivity device such as a hub, switch, or router. These devices would be connected as a "star" (points on a star).

The other characteristic of a star topology is that a failing connection will only affect the failed device unless that device is the connectivity device. This means that in most cases a failing device on a star will not take down the entire network.

Another characteristic of a star is that they are easily expandable and scalable.

A ring topology is a network topology or circuit arrangement in which each network device is attached along the same signal path to two other devices, forming a path in the shape of a ring. Each device in the network that is also referred to as node handles every message that flows through the ring. Each node in the ring has a unique address. Since in a ring topology there is only one pathway between any two nodes, ring networks are generally disrupted by the failure of a single link.

The redundant topologies are used to eliminate network downtime caused by a single point of failure. All networks need redundancy for enhanced reliability. Network reliability is achieved through reliable equipment and network designs that are tolerant to failures and faults. The FDDI networks overcome the disruption in the network by sending data on a clockwise and a counterclockwise ring. In case there is a break in data flow,the data is wrapped back onto the complementary ring before it reaches the end of the cable thereby maintaining a path to every node within the complementary ring.