Unix

Unix came first; Linux is a clone of the Unix Operating System.

Sun Microsystem's Solaris operating system is Unix. Solairs comes with virtually every command that is found in other modern Unix systems. Each commercial version of Unix (whether AIX, Unicos, Solaris, HP UX or another) usually has one or more vendor specific commands included that do not appear in versions of Unix from other vendors or in open source implementations. It is doubtful that Sun Solaris has 500 commands that do not appear in some form in other versions of Unix, though as I haven't used Sun Solaris in several years, I suppose this is possible, though unlikely.

Typically, the vendor specific commands in various historic versions of Unix have numbered fewer than dozen or two and often have been no more than a handful. IBM's AIX is perhaps the exception to this with probably the most prolific proliferation of vendor specific commands of any commercial version of Unix. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that even AIX has 500 vendor specific commands and likely fewer than 100 or so. [JMH]

If you are asking about the graphical interface, windows XP comes with just 1 interface, and it can be customized to a point, but that is somewhat limited.

Unix comes with multiple graphical desktop managers, not just one. Users can pick and choose which environment is best for them. With Windows, the choice is already made for the user.

Handling of icons and desktops are very different in Unix and Windows. The list would be too long to detail in this answer.

Sure, every text-editor has Find+Replace functionality.

The operation and maintenance of a Unix system.

A URL has a protocol so the formatter can distinguish it from a unix path. Most protocols use slashes to show different paths, like unix slashes(/), but a URL usually has special formatting characters, such as what comes after an ampersand, question mark, number signs, equal signs, not to mention the protocol at the beginning, like http, shttp, ftp, sftp and other internet protocols.

False

dnl stands for delete to new line. The dnl commands basically instruct compiler to ignore anything on a line following the dnl.

Use either the 'man' command or the 'info' command with ls to get more information on options and output.

If the shell script is readable and executable then to execute it just type the name of the shell script file. Otherwise, you can explicity call a shell interpreter to run the file as a shell script, i.e.,

ksh myfile

They aren't examples of the same operating system. Unix is a classification of operating system; Solaris is an example of Unix. But Windows 2000 is a version of Windows, and not related at all to the other two.

ps -ef

The 'bc' command is a simple binary calculator (hence the name bc). It can do simple math and uses arbitrary precision arithmetic. You can designate the scaling, precision, and other values to use in math calculations.

Arbitrary precision arithmetic allows you to exceed the hardware precision of the system you are on, by scaling to any number of significant digits that you may require.

This is a homework assignment. WikiAnswers will help you with detailed questions you may have relating to this assignment but it will not write this assignment for you.

You have been given this assignment so that you learn how to research and collate the information you have found as your answer. If someone else does this for you, you are not learning how to do this yourself and will therefore be lacking these skills in later life.

The question is too vague; converting what?

Shell

Use the 'grep' command

You don't mention what kind of 'request'.

No, but Linux is based on Unix since Linux is a Unix clone.

This depends on the Unix/Linux system release; vendors may differ in how they log information. Typically, in a Linux distro you can find sshd authorization errors in auth.log. Other systems use syslog or syslog.log, depending on how they are configured. Check your system information to see what the exact log file is called in your environment.

The TCP/IP protocol stack was first added to Berkeley Unix in 1981 (4.1a BSD); the official release (4.2BSD) was in August, 1983. The term "NOS" did not exist at the time.

Yes, of course! For free! You can use Linux which is fairly close to Unix or BSD or NetBSD or FreeBSD or Solaris x86 and I am sure there are others. Just web-search for any of the above terms and read the installation instructions (to make sure your hardware is compatible with their requirmeents), download, install and enjoy.

#!/bin/sh

PS -a

I/O Redirection is used when you don't want the output to go to the standard output location, e.g., the screen. It can be very helpful in capturing information to be used in a later process.

For example, if the command 'ls' is used the output goes to the screen.

But if the command 'ls > ls.out' is used, then the ls command output will be redirected to a file called ls.out, which can be examined, edited, or used in a later process.