Abolitionism

Various groups opposed the abolitionist movement, including Southern slaveholders, pro-slavery politicians, and white supremacist organizations like the Ku Klux Klan. These groups benefited economically and socially from the institution of slavery and feared the consequences of its abolition, such as loss of labor and power dynamics shifting. They often used violence, intimidation, and legal mechanisms to preserve slavery and suppress the abolitionist cause.

Both the pre-civil war abolitionist movement and the Progressive movement were social reform movements that sought to bring about significant changes in American society. They both advocated for equal rights and justice for marginalized groups - the abolitionist movement focused on ending slavery, while the Progressive movement aimed to address issues such as child labor, women's suffrage, and worker's rights.

Frederick Douglass was a former enslaved person who became famous for his powerful writing and speeches advocating for the abolition of slavery. He used his experiences to influence public opinion and promote equality and justice for all.

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The southern states saw abolitionism as a threat to their way of life because their economy heavily relied on slave labor in industries such as agriculture. Abolitionism challenged the institution of slavery, which was deeply woven into the social, political, and economic fabric of the southern states. This threat to their labor system and the fear of losing control over their property led the southern states to view abolitionism as a direct challenge to their way of life.

Theodore Weld was a writer, speaker and organizer. He was the leading voice of American abolitionist movement during the very early days from 1830 till 1844.

it increased contact between the races, leading to greater understanding

Frederick Douglass

The Northern states, for the most part had outlawed slaves. Some states abolished slavery even before the US Constitution was ratified. There was a segment of people in the North that directly and indirectly benefited from the slavery in the South. Northern owned textile mills needed cheap cotton, and slaves working on Southern cotton plantations provided cheap labor and thus kept the cost of cotton lower than if free and paid farmhands worked in the cotton fields. Some Northern people, in fact many by today's standards were racists. If slavery was abolished then some former slaves might migrate to the North. Not only did racist people oppose that, but in certain labor unions they believed that any new free Black workers would drive down the pay rates of factory workers.

Abolitionist John Brown bought a farm in Maryland with New England abolitionists money. He used an assumed name. He tried but failed to lead a slave revolt near Harper's Ferry Virginia in 1859. He was hanged for treason.

The major political problems US President Lincoln had to face in October of 1861 were caused by the radical wing of the Republican Party. It became clear that the radicals were unhappy with the moderate views of Republican President Lincoln. They cared nothing about the 1857 US Supreme Court ruling in the Dred Scott case. The radical politicians were out of touch with the Union public, the US Army and their Republican president. These politicians led by such Senators as Wade of Ohio and Chandler of Michigan, saw the Southern rebellion as the way to abolish slavery and to punish anyone connected to slavery.For them the unexpected, but perhaps wish was that a Southern secession was a good thing in that the US Army would solve the slavery issue.

Lincoln had a more moderate and broader view then the radicals. He sought the reunification of the USA as his primary goal. The slavery issue could wait. Here he and General In Chief McClellan agreed.

The foolishness of the First Bull Run loss by the Union did not deter the radicals in their quest for fast and powerful military action to finish off the people they truly hated. Hate rarely works well in most situations. Individuals can hate and do, however, if a government is waging a war based on hate, there will be many losers because of this.

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William Lloyd Garrison was a strong supporter of the Abolitionist movement to end slavery in the US. He published a newspaper that was geared to help the end slavery. At one point he was sued for his statements against slave owners.

William Lloyd Garrision

Horace Mann became a leader in education and strongly supported abolition of slavery but believed that women should not lead in that movement. He thought that women should focus on their traditional roles as wives and mothers.

Harriet Beecher Stowe is most closely affiliated with the abolitionist movement for her novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin," which played a significant role in raising awareness about the horrors of slavery.

Frederick Douglas was most effective as an abolitionist as a newspaper writer. His counsel was sought by many wealthy abolitionists, however, his public speaking impact is an unknown factor. It was, if anything, probably overrated. There is no doubt however, that as a writer, he made himself well known.

By starting a tradition of action for social and political change

The first abolitionist group in the United States, the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade, was founded in 1787 in Philadelphia. It was primarily informed and influenced by Quakers, who were among the earliest religious groups to condemn slavery on moral and ethical grounds. Prominent figures like Anthony Benezet, a Quaker educator, played a crucial role in advocating for the abolition of slavery and organizing efforts against the slave trade.

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Some key abolitionism women leaders include Angelina Grimke and Susan B. Anthony.

One significant source of division among women in the abolition movement was the differing perspectives on the role of race in their activism. While many white women focused primarily on the plight of enslaved people, some Black women emphasized the intersection of race and gender, advocating for both racial equality and women's rights. This divergence sometimes led to tensions, as white women could be dismissive of issues specifically affecting Black women, highlighting a broader rift in priorities and strategies within the movement. Ultimately, these differences influenced the formation of separate organizations and agendas, complicating the unity of the abolitionist cause.

John Todd - abolitionist - died in 1894.