Ancient India

answer

The specialized worker for ancient India was called an artisan. These workers knew how to build both brick and stone temples and houses.

subcontinent

Babylon, Harappa, and Kiev became important centers of civilization primarily due to their strategic geographic locations, which facilitated trade and cultural exchange. Babylon, situated along the Euphrates River, became a hub for commerce and governance in Mesopotamia. Harappa, part of the Indus Valley Civilization, thrived due to its advanced urban planning and agricultural productivity. Kiev, located on the Dnieper River, served as a vital trade route between Europe and Asia, fostering economic growth and cultural interactions.

busy and inventive people

First came the Australiopithicenes; a mix between "ape" and human. Mostly an ape that can walk on its hind legs. Homo erectus were next. Then homo sapiens.

Homo sapien sapiens (which goes anywhere between caveman and where we are now) went something like this:

Young boys were taught by older boys to hunt, fish, fight, and do other things. Young girls helped their mothers in the homes. These people started out by traveling a herd of food (oxen, cattle, etc.) Eventually the people figured out how to grow their own crops such as corn, barley, onions, tomatoes, etc... and they created permanent settlements with irrigation canals to water their fields. the men usually went out to hunt or get food other than the things that were grown. the women stay home and cook and clean, make fires and teach the little ones how to do other things First came the Australiopithicenes; a mix between "ape" and human. Mostly an ape that can walk on its hind legs. Homo erectus were next. Then homo sapiens.

Homo sapien sapiens (which goes anywhere between caveman and where we are now) went something like this:

Young boys were taught by older boys to hunt, fish, fight, and do other things. Young girls helped their mothers in the homes. These people started out by traveling a herd of food (oxen, cattle, etc.) Eventually the people figured out how to grow their own crops such as corn, barley, onions, tomatoes, etc... and they created permanent settlements with irrigation canals to water their fields. the men usually went out to hunt or get food other than the things that were grown. the women stay home and cook and clean, make fires and teach the little ones how to do other things

In the early Indus River Valley civilization, servants played a crucial role in supporting the social and economic structures of the society. They helped with agricultural production, household management, and craft specialization, which were vital for the thriving urban centers. The presence of servants also indicated social stratification, as they often belonged to lower social classes, allowing elites to engage in administrative and religious activities. Their labor contributed to the overall prosperity and sustainability of the civilization.

The Indian subcontinent experienced its golden age during the Gupta Dynasty, which lasted from approximately 320 to 550 CE. This period is characterized by significant advancements in art, science, literature, and mathematics, with notable figures like Aryabhata and Kalidasa emerging. The Gupta era is often celebrated for its cultural flourishing and the establishment of a cohesive Indian identity.

Harappan artisans and merchants effectively utilized locally available resources by crafting goods from materials such as clay, metals, and semi-precious stones. They created pottery, jewelry, and textiles, showcasing their skills and creativity. The strategic location of Harappan cities along trade routes facilitated the exchange of these goods, allowing artisans to access and incorporate a variety of materials from neighboring regions. This resourcefulness contributed to the vibrant economy and cultural richness of the Harappan civilization.

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro relied on the Indus River for irrigation, providing water to support their agriculture in an otherwise arid landscape. The river's seasonal flooding deposited nutrient-rich silt, enhancing soil fertility and enabling the cultivation of crops such as wheat and barley. Additionally, the Indus facilitated trade and transportation, connecting these urban centers with other regions. Overall, the river was crucial for sustaining the economy and daily life of these ancient civilizations.

The lack of evidence supporting the notion that Indo-Aryans attacked indigenous populations is primarily due to the absence of concrete archaeological findings or historical records documenting such events. Most interpretations of ancient texts, like the Vedas, are ambiguous and can be interpreted in multiple ways, often emphasizing cultural rather than military encounters. Additionally, many scholars argue that the Indo-Aryan migration was more of a gradual process of cultural assimilation rather than a violent invasion. This complexity makes it difficult to definitively claim that an attack occurred.

Ancient India faced several geographic challenges, including the vastness of its terrain, which made communication and trade difficult between regions. The Himalayas to the north acted as a natural barrier, isolating it from Central Asia, while the monsoon climate could lead to both droughts and floods, impacting agriculture. However, these geographic features also provided advantages, such as fertile plains along the Indus and Ganges rivers that supported prosperous agricultural societies. Additionally, India's coastal location facilitated maritime trade, connecting it with other cultures and enhancing economic exchanges.