Babylon, Harappa, and Kiev became important centers of civilization primarily due to their strategic geographic locations, which facilitated trade and cultural exchange. Babylon, situated along the Euphrates River, became a hub for commerce and governance in Mesopotamia. Harappa, part of the Indus Valley Civilization, thrived due to its advanced urban planning and agricultural productivity. Kiev, located on the Dnieper River, served as a vital trade route between Europe and Asia, fostering economic growth and cultural interactions.
Harappa was near the Ravi River, which is part of the larger Indus River system. This ancient city, located in present-day Pakistan, was one of the prominent urban centers of the Indus Valley Civilization. The proximity to the river facilitated trade, agriculture, and transportation, contributing to the prosperity of Harappa.
The Harappa civilization, part of the Indus Valley Civilization, flourished near the Indus River and its tributaries, primarily the Ravi and the Ghaggar-Hakra rivers. The Indus River provided essential water resources for agriculture and trade, while the tributaries supported the settlement and development of urban centers in the region. These rivers played a crucial role in the civilization's prosperity and cultural exchanges.
In Mesopotamia, the centers of civilization emerged primarily in the regions of Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria. Key cities such as Ur, Uruk, and Babylon became significant due to advances in agriculture, trade, and governance. These urban centers were known for their monumental architecture, such as ziggurats, and contributed to developments in writing, law, and science, laying the foundation for subsequent cultures in the region.
At its peak around 2500 BCE, the ancient city of Harappa, part of the Indus Valley Civilization, is estimated to have had a population of around 23,000 to 40,000 people. The population varied over time due to factors like trade, agriculture, and social organization. Harappa was one of the largest urban centers of its time, showcasing advanced urban planning and infrastructure.
Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa are approximately 4,500 years old, dating back to around 2500 BCE during the Indus Valley Civilization. These cities were advanced urban centers known for their sophisticated architecture, drainage systems, and urban planning. Their age makes them among the oldest known cities in human history.
Assyria and Babylon.
In Mesopotamia, the centers of civilization emerged primarily in the regions of Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria. Key cities such as Ur, Uruk, and Babylon became significant due to advances in agriculture, trade, and governance. These urban centers were known for their monumental architecture, such as ziggurats, and contributed to developments in writing, law, and science, laying the foundation for subsequent cultures in the region.
Mohejo-Daro and Harappa
Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa are approximately 4,500 years old, dating back to around 2500 BCE during the Indus Valley Civilization. These cities were advanced urban centers known for their sophisticated architecture, drainage systems, and urban planning. Their age makes them among the oldest known cities in human history.
Alexander the Great wanted to stop at Babylon because it was a significant city in Mesopotamia, renowned for its wealth, culture, and strategic location. By capturing Babylon, Alexander could solidify his control over the region and gain access to its resources and influential institutions. Additionally, Babylon had historical and mythological significance as one of the great centers of civilization, and Alexander sought to emulate the likes of legendary conquerors such as Cyrus the Great who had once ruled from Babylon.
Reshaped their environments to develop complex agriculture and urban centers
The Ganges and the Indus rivers.
The historian who termed Kalibangan as the third capital of the Indus Valley civilization is Mortimer Wheeler. He made significant contributions to the study of the Indus Valley sites and emphasized the importance of Kalibangan alongside Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro as key urban centers in the civilization. Wheeler's excavations and analyses helped to highlight the advanced urban planning and cultural aspects of these ancient cities.
provided a means of transportation and irrigation
Chinese civilization originated in various regional centers along both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys in the Neolithic era, but the Yellow River is said to be the Cradle of Chinese Civilization.
Chinese civilization originated in various regional centers along both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys in the Neolithic era, but the Yellow River is said to be the Cradle of Chinese Civilization.
It took place between the major centers of civilization in Europe and Asia antiquity.......