When was the third Auschwitz built?
The original camp at Auschwitz was established in May 1940 as a large and very harsh concentration camp, initially intended mainly for Polish patriots and intellectuals.
The extermination camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II) was built in 1941-42 about one 1.5 miles from the original camp and became fully operational in the spring of 1942.
Auschwitz-Monowitz (Auschwitz III) followed in 1942, built by I-G. Farben. It was the first private entreprise camp.
AnswerAuschwitz is the name of a group of German concentration camps and 45 sub-camps. The name is derived from the German name for the nearby Polish town of Oświęcim, situated about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Krakow. Beginning in 1940, Nazi Germany built several concentration camps and an extermination camp in the area, which at the time had been annexed by Nazi Germany. The camps were a major element in the perpetration of the Holocaust, killing around 1.1-1.5 million people, of whom about 90% were Jews.The three main camps were:
Auschwitz I served as the administrative center for the whole complex. It was founded on May 20, 1940, on the basis of an old Polish brick army barracks.
Auschwitz II (Birkenau) is the camp that many people know simply as "Auschwitz". It was the site of the imprisonment of hundreds of thousands, and the killings of over one million people, mainly Jews.
The camp is located in Brzezinka (Birkenau), about 3 kilometres (1.8 mi) from Auschwitz I. Construction started in 1941, as part of the Final Solution. The camp was about 2.5 kilometres by 2 kilometres large and was divided into several sections, each of which was separated into fields. Fields as well as the camp itself were surrounded with barbed, electrified wire (which was used by some of the inmates to commit suicide). The camp held up to 100,000 prisoners at one time.
The camp's main purpose, however, was not internment with forced labour (as Auschwitz I & III) but rather extermination. For this purpose, the camp was equipped with four crematoria with gas chambers; each gas chamber was designed to hold up to 2,500 people at one time. Large-scale extermination started in Spring 1942.
Auschwitz III and satellite camps
The surrounding satellite camps were closely connected to German industry and were associated with arms factories, foundries and mines. The largest work camp was Auschwitz III Monowitz, named after the Polish village of Monowice. Starting operations in May 1942, it was associated with the synthetic rubber and liquid fuel plant Buna-Werke owned by IG Farben. In regular intervals, doctors from Auschwitz II would visit the work camps and select the weak and sick for the gas chambers of Birkenau. The largest subcamps were built at Trzebinia, Blechammer and Althammer. Female subcamps were constructed at Budy, Plawy, Zabrze, Gleiwitz I, II, III, Rajsko and at Lichtenwerden.
[Source: Wikipedia article on Auschwitz]
1940-41.
How many Jews were gassed each day at Auschwitz?
there was no daily quota, the gas chambers were only in opperation for about half of the time that Auschwitz was open. The main gas chambers were not on-line for much of that time.
At the peak Auschwitz could murder 30,000 in a day, however this number was unsustainable over a long period.
-The 3 main camps and 45 subcamps
-Organised working facilities for the workers to work in
-Redesign the barracks to where the prisoners are slee[ing at
-Build pit areas to dispoce the dead bodies
-Build gas chambers
-Built electrical fences to keep the prisoners in
What happened to the Jews when they arrived at birkenau?
Usually when they arrived, the are separated through a process known as the selection process. This simply was separating the weak from the strong and this was how families were separated and destroyed. The stronger side were sent to do force labor work and the weaker usually consisted of woman, children, elderly and sick were killed.
What percent of people died in Auschwitz?
we know most of those that died were Jews but we don't know EXACTLY how many people died. They were buried all over the place, and some of the bodies were burned.
Also the Germans took many of the Jews belongings and the Allies recovered these while liberating Jews so the number of items gives an iffy amount but is fairly accurate
What airport is closest to Auschwitz in Germany?
Warsaw is the nearest major international airport, but you might consider Krakow, which is very close.
What is the definition of Auschwitz?
There isn't an actual meaning for Auschwitz.
Auschwitz was the biggest group of Nazi camps. It included the biggest of all the Nazi extermination camps (Auschwitz II - Birkenau) and also included very harsh slave-labor camps and concentration camps.
For many, the word Auschwitz has come to symbolize the Holocaust.
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Perhaps you are asking about the plain meaning of the place-name: in German it has no particular meaning. However, the Polish name, Oswiecim means holy ...!
What did they do at Auschwitz?
The Nazis either worked them to death as slave labor. Some Jews died from starvation, disease, and torture. Most of the Jews at Auschwitz were gassed soon after arrival. About 1.5 million people died at Auschwitz. It is the best-known killing center because of it was the largest, with the greatest number of facilities, survivors, and surviving paperwork.
What happened at Birkenau during the holocaust?
Many Jews and others were killed at this extermination camp. If one was not immediately killed one would have a very hard life as a slave laborer while trying to survive on a starvation diet designed to kill you within a few months.
Evil things, like killing Jews.
On arrival, the trainloads of Jews would be met by SS doctors on the ramp. Those who were fit for work were sent to the slave labour camps to the right. Those who were unfit for work (usually, visibly pregnant women, children under 15 and the elderly) were gassed as soon as practical after arrival. The fit and able-bodied were 'selected' for work.
Those who were "lucky" to survive the initial selection were then under constant threat of being chosen for medical experiments by the Nazi Doctors who worked at the infamous block 10 at another part of the camp. Those who were chosen underwent brutal surgeries by Doctors Josef Mengele, Carl Clauberg and Horst Schumann. Those who were lucky enough got Dr Eduard Wirths who although took part in selections was nice to the prisoners and saved many lives. He was however in charge of the other three sadists mentioned above. Most SS doctors were forced to make selections of new arrivals and many turned up drunk to cope with the trauma of having to decide who lived and died. Dr Mengele however loved the selection process and often bribed other doctors to allow him to do their selections for them. Twins were his favourite and he did horrendous experiments on them, too many to list here.
So as the other contributor above says many evil things happened there. Auschwitz still exists today. It is at the side of a main road yet an eerie silence transcends over the place. The birds don't sing and the sun doesnt shine properly. I would urge everyone to visit it at least once as it is a monument of Nazi evil, and an example of what human beings are capable of when consumed by blind hate racism and bigotry.
If you were labeled as unfit for work you were killed as soon as practical.
On the long train ride their you were crammed in cattle cars (train cars for animals) for trips that took nearly four days. Only a small bucket was given to hold bodily wastes. After these horrible trains stopped the Nazis at the camp stripped them down naked. Then, their hair was cut off painfully. If you were not to be killed immediately then you had a serial number tattooed on to you . If you were to be killed, "nice" people approached you saying " Hey everything will be alright, just come with us into these showers". Victims were even give towels and pieces of soap, so that they wont be alarmed. And then, you went in. Pellets of Zyklon-B were dropped. For about f10-20 minutes you would slowly and painfully die. Some children whose faces were covered by their mothers survived the Zyklon-B attack. After that the gas was pumped out. Any survivors were given lethal injections.
How many survivors of Auschwitz are still alive?
Of course there some survivors of Auschwitz; including some children.
How were the showers used at Auschwitz?
showers were showers, normal inmates would only have one shower during their stay.
But you might be confused with the fake shower heads that were in the gas chambers of extermination camps. They were not showers.
The decision to build a concentration camp at Auschwitz was made by the SS in early 1940, and the camp opened in May 1940. Originally it was designed as a punishment camp for about 20,000 inmates - in practice, mainly for Polish resistance fighters. The efficient and mindlessly obedient SS officer Rudolf Hoess (NOT to be confused with Rudolf Hess) was appointed Kommandant.
In 1941 Himmler told Hoess to prepare to turn Auschwitz into the biggest establishment of all time for "destroying humans". Hoess of course did exactly as he was told ...
Another Perspective:Hitler was not the first German to kill people in what they considered to be beneficial extermination. There was a concept of, "life not worthy to be lived", and it governed who could be killed. It started with the truly deformed and disabled from birth; infants who would be a burden to society and who would not be capable of contributions to the world.In fact, Germany was not the first to propose euthanasia for those who were considered defective.
It was an easy step to destroy older children; after all, once killing infants became routine, how difficult would it be to extend the "mercy killings" beyond the infants?
As their program continued to grow, they added the elderly who were no longer able to work, people who had contracted disease, people with debilitating injury... just about anyone who could no longer contribute.
It was a small step in the minds of Germans to add Jews, Gypsies and Homosexuals to the list.
Remember that it was never a situation where one day, they respected all life, then suddenly they decided to kill 6,000,000 Jews.
The first "mercy killings" were performed in hospitals, by doctors and nurses who believed in what they were doing. As the numbers grew, German officials determined that a more efficient method was needed. Mobile death chambers were built in the back of enclosed trucks, where grandpa or a deformed infant would be wheeled in, the chamber was closed and poison gas was pumped in.
Those methods too were determined to be inefficient, and the larger death camps were built, complete with furnaces for cremating the victims.
Before allowing the murder of innocent people to ever become routine and accepted by society, we must demand that our elected officials oppose death panels in ANY form, even if it is in the form of a nationalized health program, as was the case in Germany. The German death camps, concentration camps or whatever we care to call them, should be a reminder of man's inhumanity to man, and we should remember along with the Jews today who say, "never again".
What was the life average expentancy of a prisoner at Auschwitz?
For the jews it was no longer than 24 hours, for the people who worked in there about 2 months, many lasted longer but many laster shorter.
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Three weeks was standard, in winter this would be much shorter.
Those that survived past the three weeks would most likely last much longer as they would have secured a better job, one inside, away from the elements.
How were Jews transported to Auschwitz?
The Jews were transported by train in boxcars, and it was dark and packed full. Also, many died due to starvation, thirst and weather conditions.
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They were transported by slow freight trains, with no breaks for food or water and only one bucket per cattle truck for sanitation. The journey often took 3-4 days or longer. They were packed tightly. In winter it was bitterly cold; in summer it was often very hot. On arrival at the camp, some of the victims were already dead. Occasionally, some corpses got left in the cattle trucks ... There are documents still in existence in which the German railways (Deutsche Reichsbahn) sent bills to the SS for having to arrange funerals for these!
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Jews were sent to concentration camps in small little train carriages in some people died in the train before they even got to the concentration camp!!
How did the prisoners at Auschwitz escape?
Summary: physically leaving the camp was not too hard, compared to modern prisons. It was just some barbed wire and a few guards. The difficulty was in staying free. After escaping, you would need help from the resistance and other trustees.
There was no legal or factual way out. There were normal prisons in wartime Germany, which like any other prison you could leave once you had served your time. The camps were a one way prison.
There were however a few ways out. Usually, camp guards were vastly outnumbered by prisoners, and though paradoxically it was safer to be inside and 'hide' in the crowd, escape was not altogether that difficult. The problem was staying out. People managed to cut through or dig under the wires, sneak out in the trunks of trucks and cars or wear costumes and disguises. Others bribed their way out or simply ran for it. All these methods had varying (low) degrees of success. Most survivors simply survived inside until the war was over.
Once escape was detected, there would be punitive actions against the remaining prisoners, another deterrent for would-be escapees.
By far the most difficult aspect was to stay free once outside. After escaping, people found themselves alone and hungry in the middle of occupied territory, hunted down by everyone. Local residents in nearby towns were rewarded with money and food when they turned in escapees.
Look up "Witold Pilecki" on Wikipedia. He is the only man in history to have volunteered to go to a concentration camp. He found it harder to get in than to get out.
Another good reference is 'the way back', a movie about escaping a Siberian concentration camp.
In at least one incredible instance, resistance people managed to smuggle a camera in and out to take pictures.
How did people arrived at the Auschwitz Camp?
The inmates of the Auschwitz camps were transported by train more than any other way. The Auschwitz concentration camps were built to handle large numbers of people very efficiently and that included a rail track that ran into Birkenau, one of the camps that made up the Auschwitz complex. Prisoners were offloaded directly into the camp from the train.
During the operation of the concentration camps, more than 7000 staff were assigned to them. They had rather more choice in their mode of transport than the prisoners and many may have traveled by road rather than train.
What happened to the people that died at Auschwitz?
The Nuremberg Trials commenced between 1945-1946. The trials were aimed at Nazi leaders for waging aggressive war and crimes against humanity (the Holocaust and other atrocities), 11 senior Nazis received capital punishment, 7 others receieved life imprisonment.
AnswerFrom about 1942-44 the number of personnel in the concentration and death camps was about 50,000-55,000 at any one time (including Capos). Very few were put on trial - perhaps a couple of thousand ... The Allies had promised to bring them to justice and then failed miserably.Most of those guilty were never brought to justice. They changed their names and 'lived happily ever after'.
How tall was the fence t Auschwitz?
The height of the smallest and tallest fences of the concentration camps is from 6f 10 inches to 8f 6 inches but the size wont matter because the fences were electrical fences and the fences has 600v at least in them, so any escape attempt on the fences will end would be lethal.
How long does Elie Wiesel stay in Birkenau?
From May 1944 at age 15 till January 1945, after that he and thousands walked a death march to Buchenwald until he was liberated on 11 April 1945 at age 16. (according to his autobiography "Night")
Who were the prisoners of Auschwitz?
Bergen-Belsen was a Nazi concentration camp in Lower Saxony in northwestern Germany, southwest of the town of Bergen near Celle. It contained no gas chambers, but some 35,000 prisoners died there, including Anne Frank, between January and mid-April 1945. This camp is where Jews from Germany were sent.
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It contained a large range of nationalities in 1944-1945 as large numbers of Jews were moved there from Auschwitz. It was not, in fact, specifically for German Jews, many of whom were shot in the killing-fields of Latvia and Belarus or gassed at Auschwitz.
What other groups of people were also gassed at Auschwitz?
The sole purpose of the extermination camps was to kill Jews and gypsies, usually by gassing, except for a small number who were selected to help with the extermination process itself. At these camps nearly all new arrivals were gassed as soon as practical:
There are very few survivors from these camps (two each from Belzec and Chelmno, about 50 from Sobibor and about 40 from Trelinka II).
The Auschwitz group of camps was different. It had a gassing centre (part of Aischwitz II aka Birkenau) and was also a vast group of concentration camps (forced labour camps). Physically fit new arrivals were sent to the concentration camps, where most of them were worked to death on grossly inadequate rations.
Majdanek was the only other camp that combined both functions.
How long did it take Anne Frank to get from Westerbork to Auschwitz?
Anne Frank was at Auschwitz for approximately 7-8 weeks. According to records, she arrived at Auschwitz at the beginning of September, and was transported to Bergen-Belsen at the end of October.
What did prisoners at Auschwitz do for fun?
well the little kids drew and the parents tried to scrape up scraps to make enough dinner for the family. but they didnt have alot of free time. i hope that helps!!!
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there was only one camp where Jewish families were allowed to live together, otherwise they were too tired to do much in their time off.