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Chromosomes
Chromosomes contain the genetic material DNA
1,309 Questions
What are interphase chromosome called?
During interphase chromosomes take the form of chromatin, an unravelled mess of DNA
What is the independent segregation of genes in different chromosomes during gamete formation?
During Meiosis 1, each chromosome will line up alongside its homologous partner. For example in humans this means that there will be 23 homologous pairs lying side by side. The order in which they line up in is random, one pair will pass to each daughter cell, which pair goes into the daughter cell and with which one of any of the other pairs, depends on how the pairs are lined up in the parent cell. Since the pairs are lined up at random the combination of chromosomes that goes into the daughter cell at meiosis 1 is also random, this is called Independent segregation
Before cell division, the chromosomes are duplicated through a process called DNA replication. This ensures that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information. The duplicated chromosomes then align and separate during cell division to ensure each daughter cell receives a copy of the genetic material.
How many chromosomes are in a shiitake mushroom cell?
There is one set of chromosomes in a shiitake mushroom cell. All of these chromosomes are located within the nucleus of the spore cell of the mushroom.
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What does the reshuffling of chromosomes in sexual reproduction increase?
The reshuffling of chromosomes in sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity in offspring. This variation allows for different combinations of traits, providing a wider range of adaptations to changing environments and increasing the chances of survival for a species.
What cells contain one half the amount of chromosomes and DNA in humans?
Gametes, or sex cells such as the sperm or ova contains half the number of chromosomes so that when they combine they have a normal and full set of chromosomes.
Every mammal (of any species, including human) have two sex chromosomes, which are either "X" or "Y". (These designations come from a vague approximation of the shape of the chromosome.) These exist in EVERY CELL in the animal. If the animal has two "X" chromosomes, the animal is female; if the animal has one "X" and one "Y" chromosome, the animal is male.
In every species, the female only contributes an "X" chromosome to the offspring. It is the male contribution which might be either "X" or "Y", which will determine the gender of the child.
Why is it necessary for chromatin to condense into tightly packed chromosomes?
DNA does not condense into chromosomes. When cells divide so do chromosomes. Each chromosome provides the template for a new chromosome. The four bases match those on the old chromosomes and create new chromosomes. DNA does not just decide to get together, "Hey guys, lets get together and become a chromosome."
ACTUALLY they do condense into chromosomes because it would be too big (if uncoiled and stretched out) to fit into a cell
What cell type could have 22 chromosomes and a Y chromosome?
The cell type that has 22 autosomes and an X sex chromosome is a gamete, such as an egg or sperm cell.
What Chromosomes are found in pairs?
Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46 chromosomes. These pairs consist of 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes, which are XX in females and XY in males. Each chromosome in a pair carries similar genetic information, with one chromosome inherited from each parent.
Why do which best describes the sex chromosomes in humans?
Humans have 22 pairs of homologous non-sex chromosomes (called autosomes), and one pair of sex chromosomes, making a total of 46 chromosomes in a genetically normal human.
Each member of a pair is inherited from one of the two parents. In addition to the 22 pairs of homologous autosomes, female humans have a homologous pair of sex chromosomes (two Xs), while males have an X and a Y chromosome.
How is eukaryotic chromosomes similar to a prokaryotic chromosome?
Simplified version that an intro biology course would look for:
Eukaryotes have multiple pairs of linear chromosomes. The gene-coding sequences are interspersed with non-coding regions that may control gene regulation. Within a gene sequence, there are exons (coding regions) and introns (non-coding regions that will be removed from the mRNA). Prokaryotic chromosomes are tightly wrapped around proteins called histones. Eukaryotic chromosomes are contained in a nucleus.
Prokaryotes have 1 circular chromosome, and may have smaller extrachromasomal DNA in the form of plasmids. Prokaryotic DNA does not have the non-coding regions or introns. Bacteria do not have histones, but archaea have histone-like structures associated with their chromosomes. Prokaryotic chromosomes exist in the cytoplasm.
Reality about Bacterial Chromosomes:
Although many have only the 1 circular chromosome, there are many exceptions to this rule Borrelia burgdoferi (corkscrew-shaped bacteria that causes Lyme Disease) has 17 linear chromosomes and many plasmids.
As we learn more about genetics, this begins to look like an overly simplistic view of the concept of gene. The exact definition of the term gene is in debate at the moment, as is the use of the term at all in the future. The discovery of very short RNA's (miRNA, siRNA's) which influence gene expression (without translation into peptides) are part of this debate.
Definitions
A gene is a unit of heredity in a living organism. It is normally a stretch of DNA that codes
for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. All proteins and functional RNA chains are specified by genes. All living things depend on genes. Genes hold the information to build and maintain an organism's cells and pass genetic traits to offspring. A gene is a unit of in a living organism. It is normally a stretch of DNA that codes for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism.
Genes hold the information to build and maintain an organism's cells and pass genetic traits to offspring. A gene is a part of a DNA molecule that codes for a particular trait of an organism. It provides instructions on how to make a polypeptide. For example, one gene may code for the production of tyrosinase, which is an enzyme (protein) used in the synthesis of melanin (a pigment responsible for dark colors in skin and fur).
By the traditional definition, a gene is 'transcribed' into mRNA which is then 'translated' into a protein, which will produce the desired effect in an organism's cell. Some genes may contain instructions for the production of RNA that is not translated into a protein, such as tRNA, rRNA, miRNA and siRNA.
Conclusion
In essence, a gene is a section of a DNA molecule that has a unique and specific biological function.
What is the importance of a homologous chromosome?
Homologous chromosomes are important for genetic diversity, as they carry similar genes but may have different variants. They are also essential for the process of meiosis, during which they pair up and undergo genetic recombination to create unique combinations of genes in offspring. Finally, homologous chromosomes play a crucial role in genetic inheritance, as they separate during meiosis to ensure that offspring receive a complete set of genetic information.
Meiosis is the process during which the diploid set of chromosomes become haploid. A cell containing the diploid number of chromosomes is converted into four cells, each having the haploid number of chromosome.
How many chromosomes would be found in turkey's sperm cells?
A turkey has 80 chromosomes, so its sex cells will have 40 chromosomes.
How many chromosomes does a fern tree have?
Different ferns have different numbers. Here are some examples:
Grape fern -- 90
Rattlesnake fern -- 184
Adder's-tongue fern -- 1260
How many chromosomes does a triploid cell have?
You should find one half the number of chromosomes in sex cells (gametes) than in body cells.
What is the difference between genome and chromosomes?
the difference is simple it helps to decompose
