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Chromosomes
Chromosomes contain the genetic material DNA
1,309 Questions
How is eukaryotic chromosomes similar to a prokaryotic chromosome?
Simplified version that an intro biology course would look for:
Eukaryotes have multiple pairs of linear chromosomes. The gene-coding sequences are interspersed with non-coding regions that may control gene regulation. Within a gene sequence, there are exons (coding regions) and introns (non-coding regions that will be removed from the mRNA). Prokaryotic chromosomes are tightly wrapped around proteins called histones. Eukaryotic chromosomes are contained in a nucleus.
Prokaryotes have 1 circular chromosome, and may have smaller extrachromasomal DNA in the form of plasmids. Prokaryotic DNA does not have the non-coding regions or introns. Bacteria do not have histones, but archaea have histone-like structures associated with their chromosomes. Prokaryotic chromosomes exist in the cytoplasm.
Reality about Bacterial Chromosomes:
Although many have only the 1 circular chromosome, there are many exceptions to this rule Borrelia burgdoferi (corkscrew-shaped bacteria that causes Lyme Disease) has 17 linear chromosomes and many plasmids.
As we learn more about genetics, this begins to look like an overly simplistic view of the concept of gene. The exact definition of the term gene is in debate at the moment, as is the use of the term at all in the future. The discovery of very short RNA's (miRNA, siRNA's) which influence gene expression (without translation into peptides) are part of this debate.
Definitions
A gene is a unit of heredity in a living organism. It is normally a stretch of DNA that codes
for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. All proteins and functional RNA chains are specified by genes. All living things depend on genes. Genes hold the information to build and maintain an organism's cells and pass genetic traits to offspring. A gene is a unit of in a living organism. It is normally a stretch of DNA that codes for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism.
Genes hold the information to build and maintain an organism's cells and pass genetic traits to offspring. A gene is a part of a DNA molecule that codes for a particular trait of an organism. It provides instructions on how to make a polypeptide. For example, one gene may code for the production of tyrosinase, which is an enzyme (protein) used in the synthesis of melanin (a pigment responsible for dark colors in skin and fur).
By the traditional definition, a gene is 'transcribed' into mRNA which is then 'translated' into a protein, which will produce the desired effect in an organism's cell. Some genes may contain instructions for the production of RNA that is not translated into a protein, such as tRNA, rRNA, miRNA and siRNA.
Conclusion
In essence, a gene is a section of a DNA molecule that has a unique and specific biological function.
What is the importance of a homologous chromosome?
Homologous chromosomes are important for genetic diversity, as they carry similar genes but may have different variants. They are also essential for the process of meiosis, during which they pair up and undergo genetic recombination to create unique combinations of genes in offspring. Finally, homologous chromosomes play a crucial role in genetic inheritance, as they separate during meiosis to ensure that offspring receive a complete set of genetic information.
Meiosis is the process during which the diploid set of chromosomes become haploid. A cell containing the diploid number of chromosomes is converted into four cells, each having the haploid number of chromosome.
How many chromosomes would be found in turkey's sperm cells?
A turkey has 80 chromosomes, so its sex cells will have 40 chromosomes.
How many chromosomes does a fern tree have?
Different ferns have different numbers. Here are some examples:
Grape fern -- 90
Rattlesnake fern -- 184
Adder's-tongue fern -- 1260
How many chromosomes does a triploid cell have?
You should find one half the number of chromosomes in sex cells (gametes) than in body cells.
What is the difference between genome and chromosomes?
the difference is simple it helps to decompose
What Happens during movement of chromosome to a non homologous chromosomes?
chromosomal Translocation
How many chromosomes would be found in a male fruit fly regular body cell?
there is 4 pairs of chromosomes in each cell for a fly!
What genes are found in the y chromosome?
The Y chromosome contains more than 59 million blocks of DNA and represents almost 2% of the total DNA in cells within the body. The Y chromosome contains between 20,000 to 25,000 genes within the human genetic make-up.
How can you identify the difference of a female chromosome and a male chromosome?
What differentiates a male from a female based off the chromosomes that are present is that a male organism will have X and Y chromosomes whereas a female organism will have X and X chromosomes.
Mitosis results into two genetically identical daughter cells as the parent cell.
What are chromosomes that have similar genetic information called?
Chromosomes that are similar are called homologous chromosomes. Chromosomes that have similar paired genes are called homolegous chromosomes. These copies have the same loci. These loci provide points along each chromosome that enable a pair of chromosomes to align.
Are prokaryotic chromosomes linear or circular?
Yes and no. Where Eukaryotes (like people, plants, fungi and ect) have multiple linear chromosomes Bacteria have one circular chromosome.
Yes Bacteria have one chromosome
No Bacteria don't have chromosomes
What is the chromosome number of a chicken?
A chicken has 78 chromosomal pairs (77 somatic & 1 sex pair). Chromosomes carry the genes with DNA. Chromosomes come in pairs because one is contributed by the father and the other comes from the mother.
The number of chromosomes in the two new daughter cells is identical to that of the mother cell. During cell division, such as mitosis, the chromosomes are replicated and evenly divided, ensuring that each daughter cell receives the same chromosome number as the original mother cell. Thus, if the mother cell has a specific number of chromosomes, each daughter cell will also have that same number.
How many copies do you have of each chromosome?
There will be two copies of each chromosome in all somatic cells called homologous chromosome..In case of reproductive cells there will be only one set during gamete formation...
What is the role or proteins in a chromosome?
Chromatin is tightly coiled and wrapped around proteins called histones to form structures called chromosomes
What is random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis called?
Segregation distortion, non-mendelian segregation.
What is the sequence of DNA on a chromosome called?
A small section that codes for one amino acid is called a codon. A section that codes for proteins is called a gene.
What is bigger than a chromosome?
A molecule. elements are a series of atoms that form an element and several elements form a molecule.
