Chromosomes

In genetics

They line up during metaphase of mitosis and meiosis

telophase

Prokaryotes cells

Each parent sex cell gives 23 chromosomes to their offspring in humans

A Trisomy 1. Another said this was Down's Syndrome.

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During interphase chromosomes take the form of chromatin, an unravelled mess of DNA

During Meiosis 1, each chromosome will line up alongside its homologous partner. For example in humans this means that there will be 23 homologous pairs lying side by side. The order in which they line up in is random, one pair will pass to each daughter cell, which pair goes into the daughter cell and with which one of any of the other pairs, depends on how the pairs are lined up in the parent cell. Since the pairs are lined up at random the combination of chromosomes that goes into the daughter cell at meiosis 1 is also random, this is called Independent segregation

Before cell division, the chromosomes are duplicated through a process called DNA replication. This ensures that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information. The duplicated chromosomes then align and separate during cell division to ensure each daughter cell receives a copy of the genetic material.

There is one set of chromosomes in a shiitake mushroom cell. All of these chromosomes are located within the nucleus of the spore cell of the mushroom.

is it two chromatids or spindles

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The reshuffling of chromosomes in sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity in offspring. This variation allows for different combinations of traits, providing a wider range of adaptations to changing environments and increasing the chances of survival for a species.

Chromatin is inside a nuclei.

Gametes, or sex cells such as the sperm or ova contains half the number of chromosomes so that when they combine they have a normal and full set of chromosomes.

Every mammal (of any species, including human) have two sex chromosomes, which are either "X" or "Y". (These designations come from a vague approximation of the shape of the chromosome.) These exist in EVERY CELL in the animal. If the animal has two "X" chromosomes, the animal is female; if the animal has one "X" and one "Y" chromosome, the animal is male.

In every species, the female only contributes an "X" chromosome to the offspring. It is the male contribution which might be either "X" or "Y", which will determine the gender of the child.

DNA does not condense into chromosomes. When cells divide so do chromosomes. Each chromosome provides the template for a new chromosome. The four bases match those on the old chromosomes and create new chromosomes. DNA does not just decide to get together, "Hey guys, lets get together and become a chromosome."

ACTUALLY they do condense into chromosomes because it would be too big (if uncoiled and stretched out) to fit into a cell

point mutation, insertion and deletion

The cell type that has 22 autosomes and an X sex chromosome is a gamete, such as an egg or sperm cell.

Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46 chromosomes. These pairs consist of 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes, which are XX in females and XY in males. Each chromosome in a pair carries similar genetic information, with one chromosome inherited from each parent.

Humans have 22 pairs of homologous non-sex chromosomes (called autosomes), and one pair of sex chromosomes, making a total of 46 chromosomes in a genetically normal human.

Each member of a pair is inherited from one of the two parents. In addition to the 22 pairs of homologous autosomes, female humans have a homologous pair of sex chromosomes (two Xs), while males have an X and a Y chromosome.

A chromosome is made up of many genes.

Simplified version that an intro biology course would look for:

Eukaryotes have multiple pairs of linear chromosomes. The gene-coding sequences are interspersed with non-coding regions that may control gene regulation. Within a gene sequence, there are exons (coding regions) and introns (non-coding regions that will be removed from the mRNA). Prokaryotic chromosomes are tightly wrapped around proteins called histones. Eukaryotic chromosomes are contained in a nucleus.

Prokaryotes have 1 circular chromosome, and may have smaller extrachromasomal DNA in the form of plasmids. Prokaryotic DNA does not have the non-coding regions or introns. Bacteria do not have histones, but archaea have histone-like structures associated with their chromosomes. Prokaryotic chromosomes exist in the cytoplasm.

Reality about Bacterial Chromosomes:

Although many have only the 1 circular chromosome, there are many exceptions to this rule Borrelia burgdoferi (corkscrew-shaped bacteria that causes Lyme Disease) has 17 linear chromosomes and many plasmids.