Chromosomes

Since they must divide and don't, then the sperm or egg will not be usable.

how many (number of chromosomes are passed from parent to offspring in asexual reproduction

50

Perhaps a recipe for a food product. You can use a cake or bread recipe. If all the steps are followed, you will get bread. If you don't, the bread will be a failure. If you try to make raisin bread and substitute cranberries or cherries, you will have bread but a mutation.

It depends on the organism in question. Take humans for example. A somatic (body) cell has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). This is called the diploid number of chromosomes. A human gamete has only one copy of each chromosome and so only has 23 chromosomes. During fertilisation, the two haploid gametes fuse and produce a diploid zygote, so the cell produced as a product of fertilisation has the diploid number of chromosomes (double the haploid number).

centromere

The haploid number of Olea europaea, the ordinary olive tree, is 23, the diploid 46. This is often remarked upon, because they are the same chromosome numbers as humans'.

allosome

The Dna comprised chromosomes are wound around protein Histone Cores that are then in turn wound into a ten nanometer diameter strand that is then, in turn, wound into a thirty nanometer diameter strand - hense constriction.

There are 46 chromosomes per cell, with 22 pairs and an XX pair for females or an XY pair for males.

Chromosomes usually occur in pairs in body cells. One chromosome in the pair comes from one parent and the other chromosome comes from the other parent. The two chromosomes are the same size and shape and carry the same genes in the same positions. They are called homologous chromosomes.

When cells divide the chromosomes first have to copy themselves (ie replicate). Each homologous chromosome makes a replica of itself, and the original and replica are attached to each other at a region called the centromere.

Holocentric chromosomes are chromosomes where the centromere extends along the entire length of the chromosome instead of being localized to a single point. This distribution allows for more equal distribution of genetic material during cell division. Organisms with holocentric chromosomes include certain plants, invertebrates, and nematodes.

Too few of a type of chromosome can cause genetic disorders or death. Turner Syndrome occurs when there is a missing X chromosome.

The energy to move chromosomes during mitosis is provided by telomeres and spindle fibers of the dividing cell.

insertion and deletion

You have that backwards: chromosomes are made up of genes.

The above sentence is literally true of the single circular chromosome in Prokaryotes.

However in Eukaryotes it is much more complex: chromosomes are made up of genes (which are made up of exons and introns), gene control codes), at least one centromere (only one of which is functional if there is more than one), at least two telomeres (to prevent the two ends of the linear chromosome from unraveling and also believed to reduce the chance of cancers), and many sections of unknown function generally believed to be genetic "junk" that does nothing but occupy space in the chromosome.

The term "junk" DNA has now been discovered to be places where genes have been turned off or hidden.

Chromosomes consist of DNA tightly wound around histone proteins, forming a structure known as chromatin. The key parts of a chromosome include the centromere, which helps in chromosome segregation during cell division, and the telomeres, which protect the ends of the chromosome from degradation. Chromosomes also have specific regions called genes that contain instructions for making proteins and controlling various cellular functions.

Chromosomes. XX=female XY=male

Chromatids

An un-dividing chromosome remain in the form of loose chromatin material as seen in the inter-phase nucleus. At the tome of nuclear division this chromatin material is organized in the form of thread like structures called chromosomes.

what is the 2n chromosome number for a normal bug

Life man yeah dude

Recombinant DNA is the product of crossing over.