Clouds

The water vapor directly above the pot would feel warm and moist on your hand. It would create a sensation of heat and dampness due to the evaporation of the boiling water.

The process in which water changes from a liquid to a gas is called evaporation. This occurs when water molecules gain enough energy to break free from the liquid phase and become water vapor in the air.

When sunlight falls on the millions of water droplets in the air during rain or mist or near waterfalls, they undergo 'dispersion' which means scattering of light. Sunlight, 'white' light, is a combination of various colours from violet to red, colours found on a rainbow, and each colour corresponds to a specific 'wavelength' of light.

So, to put it in simple terms, sunlight is a package/bundle of various colours and when the sunlight enters a droplet, the 'bundle' is 'unwrapped' and when it leaves the water droplet on the other side, the constituents of the 'bundle' are scattered.

Think of separate colours of sunlight as different vehicles. Violet, which has the shortest wavelength of the visible spectrum of light can be compared to a cycle. Red, which has the longest wavelength of the visible spectrum can be compared to a trailer truck. Other colours in between range from motor-cycles to hatchbacks to limos to buses, from violet to red. Cycles can turn very fast whereas trailer trucks take a longer time to turn and likewise the other categories of vehicles. This can be generalised as longer vehicles take longer to turn.

This is what happens in the water droplet. Before entering the water droplet, all the vehicles (light colours) travel at the same speed. When they hit the water droplet, its like taking a turn. Cycles (violet) turns the farthest and trailer-truck (red) the least. Keep in mind that they are still travelling at the same speed. So when the light leave the droplet, violet and red and the colours in between are moving in separate directions and hence the rainbow. That is why you always see the rainbow on the other side of the sun.

You could create a rainbow yourself using a good light source and a prism, although it won't be bow-shaped.

When water is heated, it can turn into steam, which is essentially water vapor.

Liquid becomes a solid when it changes phase and cools down. This process is called solidification or freezing.

When a liquid is charged with gas, it is called carbonation. This process is commonly used to make beverages fizzy or sparkling.

Cold air particles move faster because they have less energy compared to warm air particles. This lower energy level means that the particles have less tendency to stick together and therefore move more freely and quickly.

When water changes into water vapor, it undergoes evaporation. This process involves the conversion of water molecules from liquid form into vapor form due to heat energy. As water molecules gain enough energy, they break free from the liquid's surface tension and rise into the air as water vapor.

As water vapor condenses to form a cloud, the energy that was in the water vapor is released into the atmosphere in the form of latent heat. This released energy helps to fuel the process of condensation, where water vapor changes into liquid water droplets that make up the cloud.

Evaporation of ocean water in the water cycle affects the weather patterns. Much of the water that evaporates into Earth's atmosphere comes from tropical oceans. As the water evaporates, it takes in heat and cools nearby land. Wind moves the water vapor to cooler areas, where the water vapor may condense and form precipitation. The condensing water releases heat and warms up nearby land.

Vapor is the gaseous form of a substance that is normally in a liquid or solid state at room temperature. It results from the evaporation or boiling of a liquid.

The first movement of air (wind) is always from high to low pressure. This is known as the Pressure Gradient Force (PGF). However, because the Earth is rotating, the Coriolis effect causes the wind to be deflected through 90 degrees. The resulting wind is known as the Geostrophic wind, and it blows parallel to isobars.

Water vapor forms when liquid water evaporates from bodies of water like oceans, lakes, and rivers as well as from the surface of plants and soil. This water vapor rises into the atmosphere, where it cools and condenses to form clouds.

I believe you are referring to the spherical or dome like shape of water droplets. This occurs because water is a very cohesive compound, meaning that its molecules tend to be attracted towards one another. This cohesion in water is because of the multiple hydrogen bonds water is able to make, especially with other water molecules.

There is no set time for a funnel cloud to touch the ground. Some funnel clouds may never reach the ground and dissipate harmlessly, while others can quickly develop into tornadoes and make contact within a matter of minutes. It depends on various factors such as the atmospheric conditions and the strength of the storm.

Clouding is a purely physical process of condensing vaporous water into liquid water (also freezing or sublimating it to solid ice / hail / snow) . Chemically nothing has changed (water molecules stay unchanged, still being water) only there (physical) state (this is a kind of 'condition' of matter) has changed.

A thin, hair-like cloud is typically referred to as a cirrus cloud. These clouds are high-altitude clouds composed of ice crystals and are known for their wispy, feathery appearance. They form at high altitudes where the air is cold and stable.

When limewater goes cloudy it means carbon dioxide is present!

Hail formation requires environments of strong, upward motion of air with the parent thunderstorm (similar to tornadoes) and lowered heights of the freezing level. Hail is most frequently formed in the interior of continents within the mid-latitudes of Earth, with hail generally confined to higher elevations within the tropics.

You see a rainbow. Sunlight is composed of different colors of light, each with a unique wavelength. When sunlight is refracted through water droplets in the air, the different colors of light separate and create a rainbow pattern, with red on the outer edge and violet on the inner edge.

The volume of a water particle will increase as it changes from a liquid to a gas. This is because as water evaporates and turns into a gas, the molecules move farther apart from each other, increasing the overall volume occupied by the gas.

A protogalactic cloud is a cloud consisting of approximatel 70% hydrogen and 30% helium. These clouds formed in the early universe and are the building blocks of galaxies. In the early universe tiny differences in temperature and pressure (see cosmic microwave background) caused newly formed matter to clump together into large gas clouds. As these clouds gained mass they began to collapse under their own gravity. The centre of the collapsing clouds condensed and formed early stars. The high pressures caused further collapse and both free gasses and early stars further collapse to form a giant black hole. The gravitational effects of this black hole cause the cloud to begin rotating. The rotation causes what is known as an accretion disc. This disk forms the plane of the galaxy which will one day contain the spiral arms. Over time gravity causes dense clumps of gas to collect and stars form. Over billions of years this process forms the spiral galaxies we see today. Elliptical galaxies are formed by the collapse of two or more spiral galaxies into one another.

The process of water releasing heat is called "exothermic reaction." This occurs when the water loses heat energy during a chemical reaction or a phase change, such as when water cools down and releases heat to the surrounding environment.

its a liquid because its compressed and the reason that it is cold is because it has to move from liquid to gas, this movement takes energy and this energy comes from itself.

Yes. this phenomenon is called sublimation. it occurs in a relatively low temperature (lower than 100 degree Celsius) but a very high pressure. pressure will replace the temperature effect in separating the bonds between water molecules.