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Computer Networking

Computer networks are collections of computers which are connected together in order to communicate and transfer information. Questions about computer networks, networking protocols, and how to set them up belong here.

18,810 Questions

When header and trailer are added to pdu?

A header board, is a vertical structure on the front of flat-bed trailers. Its purpose is to keep the freight from moving forward onto the cab. It is humorusly called a headache rack (it prevents the load from shifting forward therefore prevents the driver from getting a "headache" when the cab is crushed.

The terminology is different for a a dry-van trailer or a refrigerated trailer, or what is sometimes called a "box" trailer, wherein the front is called a bulkhead. Sometimes these two terms are incorrectly interchanged by drivers who lack trucking knowledge.

What task are performed by the transport layer?

1. Transport layer ensure data is sent & received successfully between two computers. If data is sent incorrectly this layer asks for re-transmission of data.

2. If the message is too large it breaks the message (from session layer) into smaller datagram and appends appropriate unit header information.

3. It ensures reliable service to the top three layers.

4. By providing session layer with a reliable message transfer service it hides all the detailed network information from the session layer.

What is application of crossed cable?

to connect similar devices..like one switch to another switch

What is the cost of a VPN security system?

Using a VPN security system costs a very low price. The cost of VPN security system is in the related links section.

At which layer does FTP operate?

FTP operates in application layer of ISO OSI layered model.

What are the bad things about social networking?

The negative things about social networking include:

  • People get immediate gratification, and so, they come to expect immediacy in real life.
  • When immediate gratification is withheld, many social networking users / participants react with a wide range of negative emotions.
  • "Relationships" online are artificial but can seem real.
  • When the "relationships" ("friends") fail to deliver in social networking, the other person can feel duped, fooled, betrayed, disillusioned.
  • Online social networking is more time consuming than real life activities.
  • There are no outside authorities to determine how long is spent in social networking. For example, people know how long a basketball game in real life will take to conclude. But time limits are missing online.
  • It is much easier to get addicted to "friends" (although they are strangers), and to online games.
  • Because "friends" online are really strangers, we can't know their true age, identity, intent, morals, etc.
  • "Friends" online may encourage us to do things we normally would not do in real life - for example, send a photo to a stranger online.
  • We may tell our secrets, not realizing the other person plans to use that information to exploit or harm.
  • There is never "love" online between strangers.
  • No matter how much you might "care" about someone online, when you are hurt or in trouble, it will ONLY be your real life friends and family who come to help you.
  • We can find "quick info" on social networking sites-- but often that "info" is just opinions, not facts.
  • Too many people reveal personal info and real life dramas, and play out those dramas online.
  • It is really easy to get too involved with other people's "dramas". For example, we've all run into someone online who is making semi-threats about committing suicide. People might spend HOURS trying to "convince" the person to stay alive. BUT, smarter people just say, "I trust that you know how to keep yourself safe and if you are not safe, I know you will call 911."
  • We may give out so much information about ourselves online that it is hard to clean up our messes later.
  • There are people who troll forums just to learn personal information. Therefore, rather than being a "social" outlet, users must always be on guard.

What is the name of the connector used on a network cable?

UTP most commonly used network cable
Cat 5 and Cat 6 network cables (also called 10BaseT) use an RJ-45 connector. Older thinwire ethernet (10Base2) uses BNC coaxial connect. Original thickwire ethernet used a special thicker cable with a proprietary AUI connector. The old IBM Token Ring system also used its own special cabling and connectors.

What is nyquist Channel capacity formula?

C = 2*B*log2(M)

where C --> capacity

B --> bandwidth

M --> # of discrete signals

What is the reason for using Gateway?

Gateway is internet term that is used to remove unnecessary traffic or load from internet.