Cubism, was Founded by Pablo Picasso and George Braque

Cubism is a type of art Technique that was used in the 20th Century

Cubism was founed in France in 1907, it is a mix of native american art and african art.

Picasso's Cubist Period consisted of Analytic Cubism, Synthetic Cubism, and sometimes Proto-Cubist works. Analytic Cubism was about capturing the 4th dimension, or depicting an object on all sides simultaneously. It was about seeing the world through a shattered mirror and attempting to put the pieces back together. Take a look at Portrait of Ambroise Vollard (1910).

Synthetic Cubism focused on emphasizing the flatness of a 2-D surface by incorporating letters, numbers, and real objects into works. Art of Synthetic Cubism sought to highlight the contrast between 2-D and 3-D. See Still Life With Chair Caning (1912) for an example. Picasso used letters and real rope in this work to bring out the contrast between the flat canvas and the real objects.

Proto-Cubist works exhibited gradual progressions towards more abstract Cubist works, which is why they could be considered as part of Picasso's Cubist Period. For example, his Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) shows the progress towards abstraction as the viewer focuses his or her attention on each of the women in the painting.

There is no specific person ever noted in history that invented the guitar, all historians know is that the oldest known guitar like instrument was discovered around 3,300 years ago in a stone engraving. Guitars were developed from early guitar-like instruments so the exact date of the first modern guitar is difficult to determine:

• Thousands of years ago - tantar and sitar developed in India. The name guitar comes from the original name for sitar
• 3300 years ago Hittites played stringed guitar like instruments
• 40 CE the Romans have a cithara which is brought to Spain and combined with the Moorish oud
• 8th century CE - 6 stringed instruments in use in Europe
• 12th century CE - 4 string guitars in use, some with central sound holes
• 15th and 16th century the Spanish have guitar like, but lute-tuned, instruments
• 1779 CE first six string guitars in Italy - built by the Vincaccia family
• Modern guitars in place (look, size, tuning) in the 1850's

The name 'guitar' is derived from the ancient Greek 'kithara', traditionally the lyre used by Apollo, the god of music. A lyre is not a guitar, though. The guitar is a member of the necked-lute family, which includes instruments from double-basses to mandolins. A lyre has a frame to attach the strings to, rather than a neck. The earliest depiction of a necked string instrument dates back to the West Semites of the 3rd millennium BCE in Syria; the earliest extant examples come from Egypt in the second millennium BCE.

The earliest surviving depiction of an instrument with the guitar's characteristic hourglass body shape, as distinct from the classic oval of most lutes, is a carving from the first century CE, in Uzbekistan, central Asia. After the 4th century this guitar shape is not seen again until it turns up in Byzantium in the 11th century, and then, increasingly, in Europe.

The Renaissance guitar in the 15th-16th centuries was not unlike the present day ukulele, though double-strung.

Georges Braque, similarly to Picasso, was very much affected by the shift in art and literature that modernism was bringing. In literature, there was a crisis of language. Why did three letters c-a-t actually come to mean the furry creature on our couch? Writers such as Faulkner and Wallace Stevens tried to redefine the way we use language. The cubists had the similar crisis. Why should a natural drawing of a fruit bowl be the only way we can show the fruit bowl? Braque and Picasso used cubism to show the multi-faceted nature of the objects they were representing. They made the viewer look at the subject differently than they would in a basic representation. Some of his work is less understandable than others, but a look at his body of work would provide some clues as to what some of the figures/objects in the art are. Interestingly enough, Braque's day job was painting veneer finished items (false marble top, false wood, etc). He counterfeited nature exactly during his actual job, but his paintings were a reinvention of representation. Just some food for thought.

- I couldn't portray a women in all her natural loveliness… …I haven't the skill. No one has. I must, therefore, create a new sort of beauty, the beauty that appears to me in terms of volume of line, of mass, of weight, and through that beauty interpret my subjective impression. Nature is mere a pretext for decorative composition, plus sentiment. It suggests emotion, and I translate that emotion into art. I want to express the absolute, not merely the factitious woman. ( a statement given to the American Gelett Burgess, late in 1908, fh)

* artist quotes from 'The wild men of Paris' in 'The Architectural Record', May 1910; as quoted in "Braque", Edwin Mullins, Thames and Hudson, London 1968, p. 34

- What greatly attracted me - and it was the main line of advance of Cubism - was how to give material expression to this new space of which I had an inkling. So I began to paint chiefly still life's, because in nature there is a tactile, I would almost say a manual space. I wrote about this moreover 'When a still life is no longer within reach, it ceases to be a still life… '. …For me that expressed the desire I have always had to touch a thing, not just to look at it. It was that space that attracted me strongly, for that was the earliest Cubist painting - the quest for space.

* artist quotes from a conversation with Dora Vallier, 1954; as quoted in "Letters of the great artists - from Ghiberti to Gainsborough -", Richard Friedenthal, Thames and Hudson , London, 1963