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Dachau Concentration Camp

Dachau was the first concentration camp opened in Germany during March of 1933.

89 Questions

When was the Dachau camp used?

Dachau, the first of many Nazi concentration camps was opened in Germany on 22 March 1933. The camp was officially surrendered to the victorious allies 29 April 1945. Immediately after the liberation of Dachau the Americans, so shocked by what they had come across, executed some of the camps guards and also let the prison inmates kill a large number of guards and regular soldiers in what is now known as the Dachau massacre. 2 or 3 where executed by hanging after court trials.

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How many people were held in dachau?

Dachau was the first of the concentration camps to be opened by Nazi's in Germany. There was a continuous population of at least 12,000 people held at the camps between 1942 and 1945. There were an estimated 32,000 killed while interred at or brought to the camp for the purpose of extermination.

Who created Dachau?

The Nazis designed and planned the Dachau concentration camp but it was the prisoners who would of been in them, who actually built it.

Was Dachau worse than Auschwitz?

No. Dachau was a Grade I concentration camp; Auschwitz was Grade III, which was the harshest grade. Part of the Birkenau section of Auschwitz was an extermination camp.

What did most of the people die from in Dachau?

emaciation, suicide, disease

___

However, Dachau was an ordinary concentration camp, not an extermination camp - and did not have a particularly high death rate for a Nazi concentration camp.

Why is there a picture at Dachau of a box car full of children's shoes if there were no children there?

There is a limited amount of information on display about the Holocaust, even though Dachau was not really involved in the Holocaust.

When did the first Soviet POWs arrived at Dachau and Why?

The date was Saturday 15th November 1941. The SS Inspectorate of Concentration Camps authorizes the postponement of the execution of Soviet prisoners of war (POWs) in Dachau and other concentration camps if SS doctors attest to their suitability for work. In light of the severe labor shortages in Germany the SS decides to alter the Commissar Order, which required the execution of Soviet political commissars and other officials. The German army turned tens of thousands of Soviet prisoners over to the SS for execution. Even though the SS drafts some Soviet prisoners for forced labor, it continues executing Soviet POWs at Dachau until September 1944. More than 6,000 Soviet POWs will be transferred to Dachau between the fall of 1941 and March 1942 and shot on the rifle range in Herbertshausen, north of the camp.

When did the Allies liberate Dachau?

American forces liberate the Dachau concentration camp on Saturday 29th April 1945. As they neared the camp, they found more than 30 coal cars filled with decomposing bodies at Dachau. American soldiers discover more than 30,000 prisoners in the camp. There were more than 200,000 registered prisoners during the history of the camp. Of these, more than 30,000 died. Because thousands more prisoners arrived and died in the camp without being registered, the total number of victims remains unknown.

What is the dachau camp now?

These days, Dachau has been turned into a museum/memorial. People from all over the world travel to the former concentration camp to get a glimpse of what the victims of the Holocaust suffered and to remember and honor those who did not make it out alive.

What types of executions are in the Dachau concentration camp?

Executions were one means of physically liquidating prisoners and people brought from outside the camp. At first, people were shot to death in the pits near the camp from which gravel had been dug. From the autumn of 1941 until the autumn of 1943, most of the executions by shooting took place in the courtyard of Block 11 in the main camp. Most of the victims here were Poles, who received sentences of death by shooting from, for instance, the Gestapo summary court.

Soviet prisoners of war were also executed at Auschwitzconcentration camp. Beginning in September 1941, executions were also carried out using poison gas.

At least 2,000 Soviet prisoners of war were put to death in this way. After the dismantling of the Death Wall in 1944, larger groups of Poles sentenced to death by the police summary court were executed in the gas chambers. Executions by hanging were carried out sporadically in the camp. As opposed to shooting or killing in the gas chamber, hanging was public. It was carried out in front of other prisoners, usually during roll call. The goal was to intimidate the witnesses, and the victims were most frequently prisoners caught trying to escape, or suspected of aiding escapers.

Why is dachau important?

Dachau was the first Nazi Concentration camp. It was first just used for political prisoners but as time went on more people were put into the camp. Dachau was the model for the other concentration camps that came later. Inside Dachau prisoners were medically experimented on and they had to do forced labor which sometimes killed them.

Were some Nazi leaders bodies disposed of at Dachau?

This question makes no sense. Dachau was a concentration camp in Germany that was established with the establishment of the Nazi Government. This camp was the first of its kind however it was kept for people who were trying to overthrow the new government and people who were deemed dangerous to the new rule. I hope you see now why your question makes no sense. ___ Steady on! In fact after the Nuremberg Tribunal, the hanged Nazi leaders' corpses were in fact disposed of at Dachau. See, for example, this: "The death sentences were carried out 16 October 1946 by hanging ... The bodies were brought to Dachau and burned (the final use of the crematories there) with the ashes then scattered into a river." (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials)

What is Babi Yar?

By1941, the focus and function of theEinsatzgruppen had changed significantly. With the initiation of Operation Barbarossa, Germany's assault on the Soviet Union, the mobile killing units operated over a wide area of Eastern Europe from the Baltic to the Black Sea. There were four main divisions of the Einsatzgruppen -- Groups A, B, C and D. These groups, all under Heydrich'sgeneral command, operated just behind the advancing German troops eliminating "undesirables: political "criminals," Polish governmental officials, gypsies and, mostly, Jews. Jews were rounded up in every village, transported to a wooded area, or a ravine (either natural or constructed by Jewish labor). They (men, women and children) were stripped, shot and buried. Sachar provides a description of one of the most brutal mass exterminations --- at a ravine named "Babi Yar," near the Ukranian city of Kiev:Kiev ... contained a Jewish population of 175,000 on the eve of the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. The Nazi forces captured the city in mid-September; within less than a fortnight, on the 29th. and 30th., nearly 34,000 Jews of the ghetto were brought to a suburban ravine known as Babi Yar, near the Jewish Cemetary, where men, women, and children were systematically machine-gunned in a two-day orgy of execution. In subsequent months, most of the remaining population was exterminated. This, the most appalling massacre of the war, is often alluded to as a prime example of utter Jewish helplessness in the face of disaster. But even the few desperate attempts, almost comletely futile, to strike back served as a reminder that the difference between resistance and submission depended very largely upon who was in possession of the arms that back up the will to do or die. The Jews in their thousands, with such pathetic belongings as they could carry, were herded into barbed-wire areas at the top of the ravine, guarded by Ukrainian collaborators. There they were stripped of their clothes and beaten, then led in irregular squads down the side of the ravine. The first groups were forced to lie on the ground, face down, and were machine-gunned by the Germans who kept up a steady volley. The riddled bodies were covered with thin layers of earth and the next groups were ordered to lie over them, to be similarly despatched. To carry out the murder of 34,000 human beings in the space of two days could not assure that all the victims had died. Hence there were a few who survived and, though badly wounded, managed to crawl from under the corpses and seek a hiding place. After the main massacre, the site was converted into a more permanent camp to which thousands of victims from other parts of the Ukraine could be sent for extermination. It became known as the Syrets camp, taking its name from a nearby Kiew neighborhood. Several hundred selected prisoners were quartered there -- carpenters, showmakers, tailors, and other artisans --- to serve the needs of the SSmen and the Ukrainian guards. They were usually killed within a few weeks and replaced by others who continued their duties. In charge of the administration and ultimate killing was Paul von Radomski, who seemed to crave a reputation for outdoing his sadist colleagues in other camps

What are some quotes from Dachau prisoners?

If you are interested in the stories of the survivors look up any of the Holocaust Memorial Websites around the world . http://www.holocaustsurvivors.org/ Holocaust Survivors and http://www.yadvashem.org/ Yad Vashem are two good starting places. When looking for quotes use key words like Oral History, Testimony to find more stories from surivivors.

My first thoughts were those many others: "The world has gone mad." People (Germans) use to frighten their children, "If you do not behave, you will surely end up at Dachau." Theodore Haas (sorry I lost the link)

Most of us died of starvation or cold or were killed...If your feet froze, you were sent to the infirmary where there was no medical care and your one slice of bread a day was taken away,... It was a death sentence. Alex Bauer http://www.svcn.com/archives/sunnyvalesun/04.03.02/cover-0214.html

I don't know. I had a cousin before the war. When they went back to Poland, they didn't find nothing from the family. Nobody. I had uncles, father, mother, from mother's side, from father's side. Nobody.

MARTIN WASSERMAN

http://www.southerninstitute.info/holocaust_education/martin_wasserman.html

But then almost everyday uh, the SS came and, and they selected those who seemingly able to work and they took to different uh, camps uh, satellite camps uh,around. So everyday-almost everyday they took certain amount of people from the barracks. Emerich Grinbaum http://holocaust.umd.umich.edu/grinbaum/section036.html

...march it was like a dead march and so many girls fell, they couldn't walk anymore, they couldn't. We were also, now we saved a piece of bread, we saved this. And we got a cover. We marched towards uh, Dachau-Allach. It was a-it's a-it was a big camp. It was already in April... And my sister, my youngest sister couldn't walk anymore. So I hold her on my shoulder for a time and she could...couldn't move.

... So us three walked. And my older sister got sick too. She walked too. But me and my other sister carried her by hand. Finally we came to Allach [Dachau] And we heard already ..., the Americans are here already. [The Germans] knew already it's the end, because they didn't hit us, they didn't shoot us. ... And my sister went away to the hospital, my older sister. Very sick. And the following day my younger sister went to the hospital. She got typhus. And the shooting was there night and day, night and day. Two days later the Americans came.

Sonia Nothman

http://holocaust.umd.umich.edu/nothmans/section022.html

I remember many other things in several Dachau concentration camps in Bavaria. One of these was the Riederloh camp, apparently designed as a punishment camp (!). There my father, Maksymilian Jozef Plywacki, became one of the walking dead

Walter Plywaski talking about his father's death in one of the satellite camps

http://www.jewishmag.com/117mag/iremember/iremember.htm

But playing, I was not even allowed to play anything else but classical. And the Kapo looked at, eagerly, to, to the SS, "When shall I whack him? When shall I hit him?" Instead, the SS guard was humming the melody, and was beating the rhythm with his fingers--like 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3. And he, he just smiled and, "Let him live."

Sandor Braun on being forced to play music for SS guards

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_oi.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005214&MediaId=1211

And, uh, I said something to the guy when he was beating up some of the boys who were just too weak, and then he hit on me. You know, we were at that, at that point very desperate. We knew it, it was only a matter of...that we would never get out alive, they told us that even. They said, "We leave you alive you're gonna kill us, so we may as well kill you all." They used to say things like that, which was obvious. And, uh, we were very desperate in the early part of '45, very little food. The Germans, uh, were gonna kill as many as they could. And, uh, they were also anxious because their war machine was running out, so they made us work harder to do those, uh, those factories, they still wanted to complete it. And I'm sure they were under, in retrospect, I can think they were under enormous pressure from the contractors whom they, whom we worked for, that they wanted to get as much labor out of us as possible. And, uh, it was tough; a lot of people got killed.

William Lowenburg

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_oi.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005214&MediaId=2496

"You were just a few seconds away from being thrust into the

crematorium, and they saw that you were still alive." They said,

"You're the first youth that age who actually made it alive."

And then they took me and they hid me, you know, secretly in their

barracks. So I was not even supposed to have been there. And I

became like, to them, like a hero. That here are these fathers who

said, well, if I made it then maybe their children would have made

it through. And they...since I didn't get any rations, because I

was...The ration was there like a piece of bread--enough to keep

them alive til they were actually being...were going to be taken

to the crematorium. And each one would take a piece of bread they

would got, break off a piece and make up a slice for me, so that I

could survive. And they said, "David, you must survive and let the

world know what happened."

David Bergman

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_oi.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005214&MediaId=1112

How many years was Dachau opened for during the war?

All of them: Dachau was one of the first camps, it's near Munich. I think it opened it's gates, bearing the words Arbeit mach Frei, in 1934.