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Database Programming

Databases are collections of tables that maintain and display information, often collaboratively; this information can be used for interaction with an application or gaining general knowledge. Questions about database engines and modifying or using them belong in this category.

8,803 Questions

Explain the term entity?

1 a : being, existence; especially :independent, separate, or self-contained existence

What are the entities and attributes of the banking system?

These would be the assets that the bank owns. It could include stocks, the buildings, outside interests, and anything that makes up the business.

How can you access BIOS on emachines?

Upon starting the computer, there is a couple of moments befor you get the "Windows screen that the screen displays ( in the lower right hand corner ) two typed lines...one of which says Bios and gives a number of a key on your keyboard for you to clic on...which you must do within a couple of seconds for it to work...if the time goes by befor you get to do this, turn off the computer and start again...

Its the DEL or F2 key. http://michaelstevenstech.com/bios_manufacturer.htm has a good list of many manufacturer's bios keys also.

Is medisoft a database program?

Yes, Medisoft runs on the "Advantage Database" engine. It supports ODBC drivers as well, and data can be extracted using the ARC32 application.

Many reporting capabilities are available with the Medisoft Reports program that pulls data from it's database.

It keeps track of patient information (name, age, insurance, many more fields) as well as patient scheduling (type of service, date, time, provider, and many more).

What do most database designer prefer 1NF 2NF or 3NF?

First normal form (1NF) sets the very basic rules for an organized database: * Eliminate duplicative columns from the same table. * Create separate tables for each group of related data and identify each row with a unique column or set of columns (the primary key). Second normal form (2NF) further addresses the concept of removing duplicative data: * Meet all the requirements of the first normal form. * Remove subsets of data that apply to multiple rows of a table and place them in separate tables. * Create relationships between these new tables and their predecessors through the use of foreign keys. Third normal form (3NF) goes one large step further: * Meet all the requirements of the second normal form. * Remove columns that are not dependent upon the primary key. Finally, fourth normal form (4NF) has one additional requirement: * Meet all the requirements of the third normal form. * A relation is in 4NF if it has no multi-valued dependencies. Remember, these normalization guidelines are cumulative. For a database to be in 2NF, it must first fulfill all the criteria of a 1NF database.

Date functions in sql?

Dates in SQL can be confusing for beginners since the format of the date in the database must match the date format entered when inserting data. Datetime is often used in place of the date in various situations.

In MySQL RDBMS, the default date functions are:

Sr.No. Function & Description

1 ADDDATE()

Adds dates

2 ADDTIME()

Adds time

3 CONVERT_TZ()

Converts from one timezone to another

4 CURDATE()

Returns the current date

5 CURRENT_DATE(), CURRENT_DATE

Works the same as CURDATE()

6 CURRENT_TIME(), CURRENT_TIME

Works the same as CURTIME()

7 CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(), CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

Works the same as NOW()

8 CURTIME()

Returns the current time

9 DATE_ADD()

Adds two dates

10 DATE_FORMAT()

Formats date as specified

11 DATE_SUB()

Subtracts two dates

12 DATE()

Extracts the date part of a date or datetime expression

13 DATEDIFF()

Subtracts two dates

14 DAY()

Synonym for DAYOFMONTH()

15 DAYNAME()

Returns the name of the weekday

16 DAYOFMONTH()

Returns the day of the month (1-31)

17 DAYOFWEEK()

Returns the weekday index of the argument

18 DAYOFYEAR()

Returns the day of the year (1-366)

19 EXTRACT

Extracts part of a date

20 FROM_DAYS()

Converts a day number to a date

21 FROM_UNIXTIME()

Formats date as a UNIX timestamp

22 HOUR()

Extracts the hour

23 LAST_DAY

Returns the last day of the month for the argument

24 LOCALTIME(), LOCALTIME

Synonym for NOW()

25 LOCALTIMESTAMP, LOCALTIMESTAMP()

Synonym for NOW()

26 MAKEDATE()

Creates a date from the year and day of year

27 MAKETIME

Returns a time value calculated from the hour, minute and second arguments.

28 MICROSECOND()

Returns the microseconds from argument

29 MINUTE()

Returns the minute from the argument

30 MONTH()

Return the month from the date passed

31 MONTHNAME()

Returns the name of the month

32 NOW()

Returns the current date and time

33 PERIOD_ADD()

Adds a period to a year-month

34 PERIOD_DIFF()

Returns the number of months between periods

35 QUARTER()

Returns the quarter from a date argument

36 SEC_TO_TIME()

Converts seconds to 'HH:MM:SS' format

37 SECOND()

Returns the second (0-59)

38 STR_TO_DATE()

Converts a string to a date

39 SUBDATE()

When invoked with three arguments a synonym for DATE_SUB()

40 SUBTIME()

Subtracts times

41 SYSDATE()

Returns the time at which the function executes

42 TIME_FORMAT()

Formats as time

43 TIME_TO_SEC()

Returns the argument converted to seconds

44 TIME()

Extracts the time portion of the expression passed

45 TIMEDIFF()

Subtracts time

46 TIMESTAMP()

With a single argument this function returns the date or datetime expression. With two arguments, the sum of the arguments

47 TIMESTAMPADD()

Adds an interval to a datetime expression

48 TIMESTAMPDIFF()

Subtracts an interval from a datetime expression

49 TO_DAYS()

Returns the date argument converted to days

50 UNIX_TIMESTAMP()

Returns a UNIX timestamp

51 UTC_DATE()

Returns the current UTC date

52 UTC_TIME()

Returns the current UTC time

53 UTC_TIMESTAMP()

Returns the current UTC date and time

54 WEEK()

Returns the week number

55 WEEKDAY()

Returns the weekday index

56 WEEKOFYEAR()

Returns the calendar week of the date (1-53)

57 YEAR()

Returns the year

58 YEARWEEK()

Returns the year and week

How do you execute cplusplus program in unix using sql as back end?

The program needs to be designed to do that. If it is, then it will either be designed to use a TCP connection (e.g. on port 3306) to the database or a named socket (e.g. mysql.sock). All you'll really need to do is start the database engine, create the necessary databases, grant rights to whatever database user the program calls into the DB as, pre-populate any necessary tables/data the program expects to be there, and then start the program. The program documentation should tell you what you need to provide as far as a mysql environment and give any necessary SQL initialization scripts.

Create view in SQL?

create view vw_active_employee

as

select * from employee

where status = 'Active'

after creating the view, view can be used as a table to see active employee.

e.g. select * from vw_active_employee

Basically we save sql as a database object, so that we can use that in future as a virtual table.

In c How do you access variable declared in main in other function?

Only if you pass a pointer to it, eg:

void sub (int *into)

{

*into= 3;

}

int main (void)

{

int myvariable;

sub (&myvariable);

return 0;

}

How do you completely delete data beyond retrival?

You can always use a free program calledEraser.
This option however is only available for PC users running Windows.
The software is open source and can be downloaded from its own web site at http:/eraser.heidi.ie

Different types of SQL?

SQL is Structured Query Language is a database computer language designed for managing data in relational database management systems (RDBMS).

PostgreSQL is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS).[1] It is released under a BSD-style license and is thus free software. As with many other open-source programs, PostgreSQL is not controlled by any single company, but has a global community of developers and companies to develop it.

SQLite is an ACID-compliant embedded relational database management system contained in a relatively small (~225 KB[1]) C programming library. The source code for SQLite is in the public domain.

MySQL (pronounced /maɪˌɛskjuːˈɛl/[1] My S-Q-L, or "My sequel" /maɪˈsiːkwəl/) is a relational database management system (RDBMS)[2] which has more than 6 million installations. [3] MySQL stands for "My Structured Query Language". The program runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases.

What are Cartesian joins.?

it means cross product. so if you have 3 male and 2 female, how many couple combination we can have. 2 X 3 = 6.

What are the Threats in database security and integrity?

there are more than 5 threats to database security. I mention only 5 of them

1.Excessive Privilege Abuse

2.Privilege Elevation

3.Platform Vulnerabilities

4. SQL Injection

5.Weak Audit Trail

What does formula mean in ICT?

it means when you go to a data and finding the total of the coast

Advantages of pilot conversion?

If the new system fails or malfunctions, the old system is still in operation and hence, there is little to no data loss.

It allows the end-users to compare and evaluate the new system's efficiency against the old system.

Any users that are new to the system can be trained gradually as the system is implemented.

Categories of users of DBMS?

In DBMS you can have users who have only select access or with only select+update+insert access or with select+update+insert+delete access. These users may or may not be granted permissions to alter the table schema.

Also you can have administrators who can create/modify/delete tables

What is each row called in a database?

In database the data is stored in tables called database tables. These tables have rows and columns. Each row is called a tuple.

Disadvantage of manual database?

DIFFICUIT IN FINDING IN INFORMATION DIFFICUIT IN FINDING IN INFORMATION

What are the disadvantages of manual database?

Re-organizing and sorting the data plus adding data fields.

Scope of payroll system?

The System is designed for the enhancement or development of Computerized Payroll System for Q Works Construction. It includes the features that can Add Employees record, Edit Employees information, Delete Employees record, print / Save the Pay Slip of each employee and Updating Employees information as well as the Weekly Salary, Cash advance, the rate per day, overtime, Gross payment, Net pay, and Deduction such as withholding tax and SSS, adding up with a log-in log-out process for security purpose. Moreover, with help file can be used by the users to know how to use the payroll