Electronics Engineering

advantages of D Flipflop?

Power is voltage times current.

It slows down the speed of the electrons , which are all passing through the resistor

V=I*R -- Potential (Voltage, V) = Current (Amperage, I) * Resistance (Ohms)


2A*5Ohms = 10V

A capacitor is like a 0.001 ohm resistor when the capacitive reactance is 0.001 ohms.

Capacitive reactance, in ohms, is defined as -1 divided by 2 pi f C, where f is frequency in hertz, C is capacitance in farads, and the -1 means that current leads voltage.

Plugging in 60 Hz, and solving for C, you get 2.65 farads. That is a very large capacitor. At 6000 Hz, you get 26.5 millifards, which is still very large. At 6 MHz, you get 26.5 microfards, but at 6 MHz, you need to consider parasitic inductance.

Resistor is a current a

insulator is a not conductive and conductors can conduct.

c =c1 +c2

Capacitors are rated in Microfarads

AC always.

DC, or direct current, is an electrical circuit that does not change current flow direction, therefore DC carries an one-way flow of electricity of a certain amplitude value (the amount of power of the flow of electrons). AC, or alternate current, is an electrical circuit of current that alternates its direction of flow, and frequency is a function of how many cycles the current changes flow directions, expressed in Hz.

A DC circuit will not make any sound; there is no change of direction of electricity current flow, so the driver of a speaker driven by DC will just be moving either in OR out, and stays in or out as long as there is a current, but NOT both in AND out, because the DC is creating force on the motor structure of the speaker driver in only one direction due to the one direction flow of the current.

For the speaker to make sound, the driver needs to BOTH move in AND out by changing directions of the current flow. It is this movement of the speaker driver moving in AND out that is vibrating the air to make sound.

So, sound is made by AC, because music is made up of variations of many different frequencies and loudness, with low frequency as the bass, high frequency as treble, and the amplitude of the current expressed as the loudness variation.

Additional information:

* What comes out of your walls is AC at 110V and 60hz frequency, with most houses build with 15 amp to 20 amp circuit capacity. This 60hz has nothing to do with music reproduction, but everything to do with that annoying, low frequency electrical "hum" noise heard in faulty electrical equipment. Your amplifier has to harvest this electrical energy from your wall sockets by converting AC to DC, then back to AC that is analogous to the sound waveform of your music to drive your speakers. In Europe, the household electricity supply is at 220V and 50hz.

* The inward or backward movement of the speaker driver carries the inverse phase of the electrical signal, making sound waves of inverse phase, which can cancel out the forward sound waves made by the speaker, but this is inverse sound wave is usually blocked by the enclosure of the speaker. This is more an issued with low frequency signals as the wavelengths are very long. This is not as much of an issue with higher frequency signals because the wavelength is shorter than the baffle front panel which the speaker driver is mounted on, so most of the inverse waves are still blocked, but this will still decrease its efficiency, or loudness. This is also why a free air subwoofer driver without an enclosure or at least a large panel blocking the inverse sound waves from the back will not make much sound. These subwoofer bass speakers producing low frequency sounds of long wavelengths need a closed enclosure, or a port in the enclosure that redirects this back sound wave with delays so it is no longer inversely phase, which then creates an additive property to bass sound loudness, instead of cancellation of bass sound.

* With the same principle, active noise cancelling headphones all contain an active external mic that is constantly measuring ambient noise, then generates the exact out of phase or inverse sound waves to that of the ambient noise inside the headphones, cancelling out noise. This works better with lower frequency, drone like ambient noise such as wind and engine noise, and does not work well with higher frequency noise, such as human voices. So these headphones still rely on physical isolation for blocking out sounds of these frequencies.

yes sience their is only one path that electricity flows through then it would be depended on that path so if the electricity is not reaching the other bulbs then that means that the electric current is not complete

An active satellite acts as a REPEATER; it amplifies signals received and then retransmits them back to earth. This increases signal strength at the receiving terminal to a higher level than would be available from a passive satellite.

A passive satellite only reflects received radio signals back to earth.

fr0m:

ZIA UR REHMAN

D-05-ES-29

DCET Karachi Pakistan.

Kirchoff's voltage law and Kirchoff's current law

You mean ac coil, the secondary coil, of a transformer? Then for the purpose of rectification, that is , for changing ac into dc, a diode is connected in series with the secondary coil of the transformer.

DC forward voltage is generally related to diodes. It means the voltage across the diode when the diode is forward biased, i.e. when the anode is more positive than the cathode. The forward voltage is the drop across the diode. The amount of drop is a function of current. For typical silicon diodes, the forward voltage drop ranges from 0.6 volts for very small currents, to 1.5 or more volts for large currents.

everyone,

As far as I know the Full power bandwidth is the output bandwidth of the signal when it is made to obtain the max power from output

suppose max output voltage is +/- 10 V as prescribed in the data sheet and the slew rate is 600V/u sec , then the full power bandwidth will be

600/(2*pi*10) that is 9.548 MHz

Now days everything and that is no exaggeration if you have an electronic device there is a printed circuit board in it

Electrical Engineering

It has a wide frequence response .the gain is constant over the audio freq range which is the region of most important for speech music

A FET is called a square-law device because of the relationship of ID to the square of a term containing VGS.

When light strikes a photocell, the resistance decreases, allowing current to flow more freely.

(As defined by AT&T) GigaMAN Service is a dedicated, fiber-optic, point-to-point gigabit Ethernet service that links your local area networks (LANs) within a metropolitan or regional area. GigaMAN service uses the same transmission protocol as your LAN, allowing you to take full advantage of your enterprise LAN speeds while transmitting data between your sites.

Impedance in an AC circuit is like resistance. In fact, impedance is measured in ohms, just like resistance. Impedance takes into account the fact that current and voltage are often not in phase with each other due to capacitive and inductive reactance.

It tells you what the system does to the input signal(s) to generate the output signal(s). The transfer function can be expressed in either the time domain or the frequency domain, depending on whichever is easier to deal with in the application.

They are used as a hard wired equivalent to binary switches for digital ID purposes along with enabling enabling optional PWB circuitry in various electronics that are not functionally included in a standard product but has the circuitry installed in the PWB.

The difference between an analog and digitialcomputer is the type of data they process. Analog computers process measured data. A speedometer in your car is a common type of analog device. A digital computer processed descrete data (digits). In this case 0 and 1. Digital computers are most common. PC's, MAC's are digital computers. A big difference is an analog computer's output can vary even if the input is identical. A digital computer can be very precise. For instance, a gas pump might tell you that you pumped in 5 gallons of gas but you could have gotten 4.99 gallons or 5.01 gallons. If you asked a digital computer to add 5 and 6 together, you will always get 11. By the way. A gas pump is actually a hybrid computer. Although it processes measured data, that is how much fluid has passed through the gas hose, the data displayed to you, the amount of gas and how much you owe is in a digital format.