Electrostatics

The work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to a certain point while keeping it in equilibrium is called the electric potential at that point. It is a measure of the potential energy that a unit positive charge would have at that location.

Static electricity can cause materials to stick together, repel each other, or generate sparks. It can also disrupt electronic devices and cause interference with sensitive equipment. Additionally, static electricity can lead to uncomfortable shocks when discharged through our bodies.

An electrostatic force is used in everyday life in various ways, such as in the functioning of devices like photocopiers and laser printers, where static electricity is used to attract and transfer toner onto paper. Additionally, air purifiers use electrostatic forces to remove particles from the air by electrically charging them and attracting them to a collection plate. Clothes sticking together after being in the dryer is another example of electrostatic forces at work.

An electrostatic demister is a device that uses an electric field to remove liquid droplets or particles from a gas stream. It works by charging the particles in the gas stream so that they are attracted to a collection surface and removed from the gas flow. This process is commonly used in industrial applications to clean gas streams and improve air quality.

The four forces of nature order as follows (strongest first): -

# Nuclear strong force, relative strength 1038 ,range 10-15 m # Electromagnetism relative strength 1036 range infinite. # Nuclear weak relative strength 1025 range 10-18 m # Gravity relative strength 1 range infinite

This is a matter of limits. If you are measuring the electric field at a point that is a distance off of an infinite sheet of charge the direction of the electric field will be perpendicular to the sheet due to the symmetry of the situation. We can think of the radius as the distance between a point on the sheet and the normal line to the sheet that passes through the point where the electric field is being considered. If we look at the addition to the electric field from the charge on the sheet as this radius approaches infinity the component of the electric field in the direction of the net electric field will approach 0.

P.S. Drawing a diagram of the situation with arrows denoting the directions of force from different parts of the sheet can be very helpful in understanding.

Ohm's Law: voltage = current * resistance. If resistance is a constant, then voltage is directly proportional to current.

The resistance of a wire increases as its length increases. This is because as the length of the wire increases, there are more atoms for the electrons to collide with as they pass through the wire, leading to more opposition to the flow of electric current and a higher resistance.

When the comb is charged, it creates an electric field around it. When the charged comb is brought close to the small bits of paper, it induces a charge in them by polarizing their electrons. Opposite charges attract, so the paper bits move towards the comb due to the attraction between the comb's charge and the induced charge in the paper bits.

Static (meaning it does not move) electricity is an electric charge which is stored. One way to generate static electricity is to rub two things together, and one of the materials picks up negatively charged electrons- making the item that has picked up electrons negative, and the other one positive. This charge does not move because of the material is resistant to flow, so there is no easy path for current flow. Capacitors store a static charge - an excess of electrons on on of the plates relative to the other plate. A capacitor can be 'charged up' via a battery or other voltage source.

When the balloon is rubbed against someone's sleeve, electrons from the sleeve are transferred to the balloon, causing it to become negatively charged. This imbalance of electrons on the balloon's surface creates a negative charge.

The voltage gradient directly impacts the force experienced by charged particles in an electric field. Higher voltage gradients result in stronger forces, leading to faster separation of charged particles in the field. This can be utilized in techniques like electrophoresis for separating molecules based on their charge and size.

A dipole in a molecule occurs when there is an unequal distribution of electron density, leading to a separation of charge and the molecule having a positive and negative end. This can result in a molecule having a partial positive and partial negative charge, creating a polar molecule.

static electricity; there are more electron on the rod, so when the two objects come together, the electrons would naturally go to the cloth. Think of it as when you're in a ROM and the door's finally open to an empty space, people would naturally want to spread out there.

Perspex does not have a specific charge; its charge depends on the surrounding conditions. Perspex can acquire a negative charge by gaining electrons or a positive charge by losing electrons through processes like friction or contact with other charged objects.

Static electricity can cause small shocks or sparks when discharged, which can be uncomfortable but are typically harmless. In rare cases, static electricity discharges can ignite flammable materials, causing a fire hazard. Additionally, static electricity can damage electronic devices by interfering with their components.

An instrument that can detect the presence of an electric charge is an electrometer. Electrometers are devices used to measure voltage, resistance, and current in electrical circuits, and they can detect small electric fields or charges. They are commonly used in physics, engineering, and research laboratories.

the same

In a parallel circuit, the voltage travels through all the closed circuit paths. They are not branches.

There are two types of electricity; dynamic and static electricity. The main difference between these two types is that in static electricity, the electrons do not move but in dynamic electricity, the electrons move either in changing directions or in one direction.

The gold leaf electroscope was invented by British scientist Abraham Bennet in the 18th century. Bennet created the device as a tool for detecting and measuring electric charge.

Generally increased humidity decreases static electricity bucause water molacules allow the discharge of free electrons. To illustrate this try rubbing a ballon on your hair when it's dry and then again when it's damp.

Yes, some materials hold onto electrons more tightly than others. This property is known as electron affinity, and materials with higher electron affinities tend to hold onto electrons more strongly when charged by rubbing. Materials like rubber or wool have higher electron affinities compared to materials like silk or glass.

when there is an electrical potential difference as if water flows down as there is a difference in gravitational potential difference.