Evaporation and Condensation

Any liquid exposed to a gas (water and air in the terrarium) will undergo evaporation. This is due to the internal energy which the particles of liquid will always have unless their temperature is 0 K. When the particles collide they transfer their energy to one another. When a particle at the surface of the liquid receives enough energy to be transformed into the gas phase it evaporates (essentially boiling one particle) while the remaining liquid remains under the boiling point of the liquid. When a terrarium sits in the sunlight it will warm up, receiving thermal energy and exciting the particles in the liquid. The increased thermal energy within the system will increase the rate of evaporation. Increased surface area of the liquid exposed to the gas will also raise the evaporation rate. As the liquid transforms into a gas, it fills the space occupied by the air within the terrarium. When so much moisture enters the air that can no longer hold any more humidity it has reached its dew point. The gaseous liquid begins to fall out of suspension and condense into its liquid phase again. Droplets of liquid will appear on the walls and cover of the terrarium as a result. Cooling the walls and cover of the terrarium will increase the rate of condensation.

When water evaporates, the energy used to evaporate it is converted into the kinetic energy of the water molecules as they transition from liquid to gas. This energy comes from the heat in the environment, causing the water molecules to gain enough energy to escape into the air as vapor.

The rate of melting of a solid is determined by (1) the difference between the melting point of the liquid and the temperature of the heat source providing the energy for melting, (2) the heat conductivities of the solid and liquid forms of the substance being melted, and (3) the heat of fusion of the substance being melted. If these factors are kept constant, any liquid will melt as the same speed. In practice, under common conditions, water melts more slowly than most other substances, because it has a very high heat of fusion.

This occurs at the subtropical latitudes around 30 degrees N and 30 degrees S, known as the horse latitudes. Here, there is a high-pressure area in the atmosphere that results in descending air masses, inhibiting precipitation and causing arid conditions.

Condensation and precipitation are sourced from water vapor in the atmosphere. Water vapor condenses into liquid droplets to form clouds, and when these droplets combine and become too heavy, they fall to the ground as precipitation in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

As evaporation increases, salinity in bodies of water generally increases because fresh water is being removed, leaving behind a higher concentration of salt and minerals. This can lead to higher salinity levels in the remaining water, impacting aquatic life and ecosystems.

When condensation occurs in the atmosphere, heat is released into the surrounding air. This can cause the air temperature above the land to increase, which can then warm up the land surface below. This process is part of the water cycle and can influence local weather patterns.

Deserts are biomes where evaporation rates typically exceed precipitation rates. This imbalance leads to arid conditions with limited water availability, making deserts some of the driest places on Earth.

Earth's oceans generally neither gain nor lose a significant amount of water when considering the combined effects of evaporation and precipitation. The water cycle works to maintain a balance between the two processes, with roughly the same amount of water evaporating from the oceans as is returned through precipitation. Any imbalances are typically minor and localized.

More evaporation occurs from the ocean because of its large surface area and higher water content compared to land. Ocean temperatures are typically higher and more consistent than land, further promoting evaporation.

Upwelling is the process by which cool, nutrient-rich waters from the deep ocean rise to the surface, fueling the growth of phytoplankton and supporting rich marine ecosystems.

Differences in evaporation rate between ecosystems can be attributed to factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and the amount of sunlight reaching the surface. Ecosystems in arid regions with high temperatures and low humidity tend to have higher evaporation rates compared to ecosystems in cooler and more humid regions. Additionally, the presence of vegetation cover can also play a role in regulating evaporation rates by reducing direct exposure of soil and water surfaces to the elements.

No, because salt usually stays in a solid form. if you tried to evaporate saltwater, dry salt would be left behind. That's what people used to do with ocean water to get table salt.

Hope I helped!

Precipitation always falls as snow in areas with a polar climate, where temperatures remain below freezing year-round and there is little to no liquid water available.

An increase in surface area will typically increase the rate of evaporation. This is because more surface area means more of the liquid is exposed to the surrounding air, allowing for more molecules to escape as vapor. Additionally, increased surface area can lead to a thinner layer of liquid, reducing the distance vapor molecules need to travel to escape.

Condensation point is the same as boiling point of methanol: 65 °C, 338 K, 149 °F

Hot and dry conditions with low humidity and strong winds would result in the greatest rate of evaporation from the Earth's surface. These conditions increase the evaporation rate by providing more heat energy and reducing the air's ability to hold moisture, allowing water to evaporate more quickly.

Snow in polar regions can accumulate without high levels of precipitation due to cold temperatures causing minimal melting of existing snow, and the slow sublimation of ice into the atmosphere. This leads to a net accumulation of snow and ice over time, even with relatively low precipitation rates.

Evaporation of ocean water can lead to an increase in salinity and density, which can contribute to the sinking of water at high latitudes and the formation of deep ocean currents. This sinking of dense water can help drive the global thermohaline circulation, which plays a key role in redistributing heat around the planet.

Evaporation allows water to cycle through the atmosphere, providing precipitation for plants, animals, and human survival. Condensation of water vapor leads to cloud formation and eventually rain, sustaining ecosystems and providing freshwater sources essential for life on Earth. Together, evaporation and condensation regulate the water cycle, ensuring availability of water for all living organisms.

Earth systems such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere can influence the rock cycle by weathering rocks through processes like mechanical weathering and chemical weathering. This broken down material can then be transported and deposited by the hydrosphere through erosion and sedimentation, eventually forming sedimentary rocks through compaction and cementation. The biosphere plays a role through the release of organic acids during decomposition, accelerating chemical weathering.

Rock salt can form as a result of the evaporation of saltwater. As the water evaporates, salt crystals are left behind, eventually solidifying into rock salt.

Evaporation and precipitation of sediments can form sedimentary rocks over time through the process of lithification. This involves the compaction and cementation of sediments, creating layers of sedimentary rock.

Yes, scientists believe that a significant portion of Earth's early ocean water was formed from the condensation of water vapor in the primitive atmosphere, as well as from water-rich materials like comets and asteroids that collided with the planet during its formation.