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Malaria
Malaria is a infectious disease that is transmitted through the bite of the female mosquito. All questions about symptoms, causes, prevention, treatment, and history can be found here.
824 Questions
Why does malaria occur in some places more than others?
A mosquito carries round the disease and spreads it from person to person. The vector (carrier/mosquito) is called the Abopheles mosquito. It is mainly found in hot countries and carries a protozoan parasite called Plasmodium, so malaria is only found where the mosquito is found.
How do people contract malaria?
The main way that people contract malaria is by mosquito bites. A mosquito that is infected with malaria bites someone/ sucks their blood. And the malaria wich is probably a virus or bacteria is going throughout the blood stream multipying and infecting healthy blood cells giving the victom malaria
How does the mosquito transmit malaria?
Malaria is caused by a parasite in the plasmodium family. Without going into too much detail the mosquito takes what amounts to eggs from an infected person those mature partially in the mosquito. Those are then passed to everyone that infected mosquito bites.
What is the life cycle of plasmodium?
Schema of the Life Cycle of Malaria
= = The malaria parasite life cycle involves two hosts. During a blood meal, a malaria-infected female Anopheles mosquito inoculates sporozoites into the human host . Sporozoites infect liver cells and mature into schizonts , which rupture and release merozoites . (Of note, in P. vivax and P. ovale a dormant stage [hypnozoites] can persist in the liver and cause relapses by invading the bloodstream weeks, or even years later.) After this initial replication in the liver (exo-erythrocytic schizogony ), the parasites undergo laughl multiplication in the erythrocytes (erythrocytic schizogony ). Merozoites infect red blood cells . The ring stage trophozoites mature into schizonts, which rupture releasing merozoites . Some parasites differentiate into sexual erythrocytic stages (gametocytes) . Blood stage parasites are responsible for the clinical manifestations of the disease. The gametocytes, male (microgametocytes) and female (macrogametocytes), are ingested by an Anopheles mosquito during a blood meal . The parasites' multiplication in the mosquito is known as the sporogonic cycle . While in the mosquito's stomach, the microgametes penetrate the macrogametes generating zygotes . The zygotes in turn become motile and elongated (ookinetes) which invade the midgut wall of the mosquito where they develop into oocysts . The oocysts grow, rupture, and release sporozoites , which make their way to the mosquito's salivary glands. Inoculation of the sporozoites into a new human host perpetuates the malaria life cycle. ANSWERED BY: GENERAL PROFESSOR ARIEL N. MAGNO MALARIA: A SERIOUS DISEASE by: GENERAL PROFFESOR ARIEL MAGNO of CEBU,PHILIPPINES. In nature, malaria parasites spread by infecting successively two types of hosts: humans and female Anophelesmosquitoes. In humans, the parasites grow and multiply first in the liver cells and then in the red cells of the blood. In the blood, successive broods of parasites grow inside the red cells and destroy them, releasing daughter parasites ("merozoites") that continue the cycle by invading other red cells. The blood stage parasites are those that cause the symptoms of malaria. When certain forms of blood stage parasites ("gametocytes") are picked up by a female Anopheles mosquito during a blood meal, they start another, different cycle of growth and multiplication in the mosquito. After 10-18 days, the parasites are found (as "sporozoites") in the mosquito's salivary glands. When the Anopheles mosquito takes a blood meal on another human, the sporozoites are injected with the mosquito's saliva and start another human infection when they parasitize the liver cells. Thus the mosquito carries the disease from one human to another (acting as a "vector"). Differently from the human host, the mosquito vector does not suffer from the presence of the parasites. View Schema of the life cycle of malaria = Human Hosts = Humans infected with malaria parasites can develop a wide range of symptoms. These vary from asymptomatic infections (no apparent illness), to the classic symptoms of malaria (fever, chills, sweating, headaches, muscle pains), to severe complications (cerebral malaria, anemia, kidney failure) that can result in death. The severity of the symptoms depends on several factors, such as the species (type) of infecting parasite and the human's acquired immunity and genetic background. more: Human Hosts = Malaria Parasites = Four species of malaria parasites can infect humans under natural conditions: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae. The first two species cause the most infections worldwide. Plasmodium falciparum is the agent of severe, potentially fatal malaria, causing an estimated 700,000 - 2.7 million deaths annually, most of them in young children in Africa. Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale have dormant liver stage parasites ("hypnozoites") which can reactivate ("relapse") and cause malaria several months or years after the infecting mosquito bite. Plasmodium malariae produces long-lasting infections and if left untreated can persist asymptomatically in the human host for years, even a lifetime. More: Malaria Parasites = Anopheles Mosquitoes = Malaria is transmitted among humans by female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. Female mosquitoes take blood meals to carry out egg production, and such blood meals are the link between the human and the mosquito hosts in the parasite life cycle. Of the approximately 430 known species of Anopheles, only 30-50 transmit malaria in nature. The successful development of the malaria parasite in the mosquito (from the "gametocyte" stage to the "sporozoite" stage) depends on several factors. The most important is ambient temperature and humidity (higher temperatures accelerate the parasite growth in the mosquito) and whether the Anopheles survives long enough to allow the parasite to complete its cycle in the mosquito host ("sporogonic" or "extrinsic" cycle, duration 10 to 18 days). Differently from the human host, the mosquito host does not suffer noticeably from the presence of the parasites. by:ariel n. magno pisti MALARIA: A SERIOUS DISEASE by: GENERAL PROFFESOR ARIEL MAGNO of CEBU,PHILIPPINES.In nature, malaria parasites spread by infecting successively two types of hosts: humans and female Anopheles mosquitoes. In humans, the parasites grow and multiply first in the liver cells and then in the red cells of the blood. In the blood, successive broods of parasites grow inside the red cells and destroy them, releasing daughter parasites ("merozoites") that continue the cycle by invading other red cells. The blood stage parasites are those that cause the symptoms of malaria. When certain forms of blood stage parasites ("gametocytes") are picked up by a female Anopheles mosquito during a blood meal, they start another, different cycle of growth and multiplication in the mosquito. After 10-18 days, the parasites are found (as "sporozoites") in the mosquito's salivary glands. When the Anopheles mosquito takes a blood meal on another human, the sporozoites are injected with the mosquito's saliva and start another human infection when they parasitize the liver cells. Thus the mosquito carries the disease from one human to another (acting as a "vector"). Differently from the human host, the mosquito vector does not suffer from the presence of the parasites. View Schema of the life cycle of malaria = Human Hosts = Humans infected with malaria parasites can develop a wide range of symptoms. These vary from asymptomatic infections (no apparent illness), to the classic symptoms of malaria (fever, chills, sweating, headaches, muscle pains), to severe complications (cerebral malaria, anemia, kidney failure) that can result in death. The severity of the symptoms depends on several factors, such as the species (type) of infecting parasite and the human's acquired immunity and genetic background. more: Human Hosts = Malaria Parasites = Four species of malaria parasites can infect humans under natural conditions: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae. The first two species cause the most infections worldwide. Plasmodium falciparum is the agent of severe, potentially fatal malaria, causing an estimated 700,000 - 2.7 million deaths annually, most of them in young children in Africa. Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale have dormant liver stage parasites ("hypnozoites") which can reactivate ("relapse") and cause malaria several months or years after the infecting mosquito bite. Plasmodium malariae produces long-lasting infections and if left untreated can persist asymptomatically in the human host for years, even a lifetime. More: Malaria Parasites = Anopheles Mosquitoes = Malaria is transmitted among humans by female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. Female mosquitoes take blood meals to carry out egg production, and such blood meals are the link between the human and the mosquito hosts in the parasite life cycle. Of the approximately 430 known species of Anopheles, only 30-50 transmit malaria in nature. The successful development of the malaria parasite in the mosquito (from the "gametocyte" stage to the "sporozoite" stage) depends on several factors. The most important is ambient temperature and humidity (higher temperatures accelerate the parasite growth in the mosquito) and whether the Anopheles survives long enough to allow the parasite to complete its cycle in the mosquito host ("sporogonic" or "extrinsic" cycle, duration 10 to 18 days). Differently from the human host, the mosquito host does not suffer noticeably from the presence of the parasites.
Stage 1: After getting injected into the human bloodstream following a bite from Anopheles mosquito, the parasites in the form of sporozoites invade the liver. They stay in the liver cells after destroying them.
Stage2: Over a period of 5 to 16 days, depending on the species of the malaria parasite, sporozoites multiply rapidly to create thousands of red blood cell invading parasites called merzoites. Each of the sporozoit infected liver cell creates thousands of merzoites. Some species of the malaria parasite remain dormant for long periods before causing relapses weeks or months later.
Stage 3: The merzoites now leave the liver cells and invade the red blood cells after entering the bloodstream. In the next 1 to 3 days, asexual replications of merzoites take place leading to the sickness and complications of malaria. These symptoms can last for months if not treated. In the following stages of lifecycle of malaria parasite, it is explained how malaria spreads to other persons.
Stage 4: A few of the red blood cells infected with merzoites stop replicating asexually and instead become male or female gametocyte (formations that develop into male or female parasite). These gametocytes start circulating in the bloodstream.
Stage 5: When a mosquito bites an infected person with gametocytes circulating in his blood, it ingests them. They go on to develop into mature sex cells called gamete. Male and female gametes combine to form what is called an oocyst.
Stage 6: In the last stage of the malaria parasite lifecycle, each of these oocysts forms several sporozoites in the body of the mosquito and reach its salivary glands. These sporozoites are again injected into the human blood when the mosquito bites and re-starts the whole cycle.
Are all mosquitoes potential carriers of malaria?
No not all mosquitoes are born with malaria. The only way a mosquito can carry malaria is if it contracts it while drinking the blood of another animal i.e. an infected dog or human host. After the mosquito is infected it can transmit the virus to people very easily hopping from meal to meal on the necks, legs, arms and wherever else it may feed of the nearby population. This is how they cause such widespread panic.
There is no cure, but there is medication your doctor can supply you with medicine to prevent it. They are: Artteminisinin, halofantrine, and chloroquine. ask your doctor if you have questions or comments
You can use chinchona which is a herbal remedy
You can laugh at me, but I say bell peppers are the cure for malaria. According to the Internet, the red ones are the best, then the yellow, but I believe the green one I ate cured me. The fever broke the next day, and I have not had an attack since. There was a side effect which lasted about four times longer than the disease. I will not say what it was, but I will advise anyone who tries it to carry an extra pair of underwear.
SilverSol can cure malaria
Silver Sol, the patented, EPA and FDA approved silver nano particle technology has successfully cured malaria in at least 1000 children in Africa. Some were critically ill and not expected to survive. It has been approved by the Food and Drug Board in Ghana as a drug for the treatment of malaria and is currently being used in several clinics in Africa.
Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease that is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of the Americas, Asia, and Africa. Each year, it causes disease in approximately 650 million people and kills between one and three million, most of them young children in Sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria is commonly-associated with poverty, but is also a cause of poverty and a major hindrance to economic development. Malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases and an enormous public-health problem. The disease is caused by protozoanparasites of the genusPlasmodium. The most serious forms of the disease are caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, but other related species (Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, and sometimes Plasmodium knowlesi) can also infect humans. This group of human-pathogenic Plasmodiumspecies is usually referred to as malaria parasites. [1]
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria
What is another name for malaria?
sometimes called Salmonella paratyphi infection, is a serious contagious disease caused by a gram-negative bacterium. It is also grouped together with typhoid fever under the name enteric fever.
Why does so many people have malaria?
because that was where the disease was prevalent also evolution occured because of the harsh conditions of malaria africans developed a blood type to counter the malaria....... hence sickle cell was created and even though it has its downfalls people with sickle cell dont get malaria.
What are the three ways to transmit malaria?
Malaria is a serious infectious disease indigenous to tropical and subtropical areas, particularly sub-Sahara Africa, where 90% of malaria-related deaths occur. The primary mode of transmission is via the bite of an infective female Anopheles' mosquito, which is the only species capable of transmitting malaria (protozoan) parasites.
The mosquito, itself, does not have malaria, but carries the parasite from one infected person to another by incubating the microorganisms in donor blood. About a week later, during her next feeding cycle, she injects the microscopic pathogens into a new host through a mixture of tainted blood and saliva. Once inside the human body, malaria parasites multiply within the red blood cells.
There are five distinct species of the malaria (plasmodium) parasite that can infect humans. The most serious form of the disease is caused by Plasmodium falciparum, which results in 1-3 million deaths per year, primarily in young children. The total annual infection rate is 350-500 million cases, making malaria one of the most serious public health problems in Africa.
Symptoms of malaria include anemia, light-headedness, shortness of breath, tachycardia (fast heart rate), fever, chills, nausea, and muscle aches. More severe infections may be accompanied by retinal damage, renal failure, brain swelling, seizures, coma and death. For those who survive, malaria may become chronic, lapsing and remitting over time and requiring intermittent hospitalization and ongoing treatment with anti-malarial drugs like chloroquine, quinine, and amodiaquine. Unfortunately, the dangerous Plasmodium strain is developing treatment resistance to some of these drugs.
At present, there is no vaccine for malaria, although there are several in development. Preventative measures are currently directed at mosquito control.
What are long term effects of infection from p falciparum malaria?
the effects of malaria are youll be very tired and weak
Is the parasite that causes malaria a type of euglenoid?
No, the parasite that causes malaria is not a type of euglenoid. The parasite that causes malaria is a type of protozoan.
How many people die in the Philippines from malaria?
Philippines dengue case load for Q1 2011 was some 5% higher than the preceding year, at 18,885 cases and 115 deaths.
http://www.examiner.com/article/philippines-dengue-fever-exceeds-80-000-cases-may-reach-100-000
Philippines: Dengue fever exceeds 80,000 cases, may reach 100,000
Malaria can be lethal, for example, malaria caused by the African strain Plasmodium falciparum can cause cerebral malaria which leads coma and often death. Although well over 1 million people are killed each year by the parasite, most cases of malaria are not fatal and often very treatable.
The lethality often depends upon the exact strain which one has been infected with and the chance effects of the strain, for example, where it sequesters (gathers). Sequestration in the brain can often be fatal and sequestration in the placenta can lead to the death of unborn babies. Blood clots can form when the parasite sequesters in the blood vessels and the fever itself can prove detrimental.
Malaria is a treatable disease, however if it is left untreated or treated with improper drugs; the infected person will have this disease for their entire life. Occasionally, the parasite will be resistant to the drug which will leave the patient as being infected. Unfortunately, a common theme with malaria patients is having them being treated with the proper drug but at a immiscible dose, or the drug is taken for long enough. However, once a patient is properly diagnosed and treated they will become healthy and the malaria will be completely eliminated.
Staying away from places that have malaria and taking pills to prevent malaria.
One can help reduce the spread of malaria by not allowing favorable conditions in which mosquitoes can breed, hatch and then develop from larvae to adult. Since mosquitoes are the number one carrier of malaria worldwide, preventing the bugs from multiplying would be a safe and effective way to progress in eradication of malaria. Several NGO's have malaria prevention programs in effect.
You can prevent being bitten by mosquitoes by putting bug spray on your body and wear clothes that cover your arms and legs
Getting rid of mosquito breeding grounds, use of mosquito nets, anti-malarial drugs, proper hygiene, bug spray are all proactive methods to reduce risk.
How Does Malaria affect People?
Malaria can affect people in many ways. The symptoms are flu-like symptoms, fever chills, muscle aches, headaches, nausea, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, and, jaundice. If you have a more severe case the symptoms above can become more severe, internal bleeding, shock kidney and liver failure, nervous system problems, and a coma. It is fatal if not treated quickly.Even with treatment, about 15%-20% die of Malaria. Malaria is a parasite carried by mosquitoes. Plasmodium falciparum is the parasite that can wreck havoc on your body. 2 million deaths are malaria-caused each year and most of these "incidences" are in Africa. :D
What potential long term effects could typhoid malaria have on the development of a child?
Malaria is a disease which is spread by female mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus passing along parasites. Though rare, it can be spread in other ways too such as through blood transfusions, needles, and saliva. The parasites are by eukaryotic protists of the Plasmodium genus. Most of the exact species responsible in humans are P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. knowlesi, P. malariae, and P. ovale. While P. vivax causes the most malaria infections, P. falciparum cases the most deaths. There seem to be a few other species of the parasite which humans share with certain monkeys. Except for P. knowlesi, the ones humans share with monkeys are of limited concern.
The parasites first infect the liver and then live and breed within red blood cells. This causes symptoms which continue to compound themselves until death. Typically within 8 to 25 days of infection, signs and symptoms begin. They include fever, sweating, headache, joint pain, rigor, chills, shivering, hemolytic anemia, vomiting, retinal damage, jaundice, convulsions, and hemoglobinuria (excessive hemoglobin in the urine). The symptoms are usually cyclical in nature, going from chills to rigidity and then to fever, occurring every 2-3 days, or a continuous lower grade fever. In children, there may also be abnormal posturing and brain damage. Neurological impairment is usually permanent.
Without treatment, death may occur. Severe cases progress to coma and even death. As many as one million people throughout the world die every year due to Malaria. It is widespread in subtropical and tropical regions around the equator. This includes Central and South America, Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa.
There are more diseases spread by insects than can fit in this answer, but two are notable for their kill rate.
Firstly the 'Black Death', the plague which killed a third of the population of Europe in the 17th century was spread by fleas which lived on rats and secondly malaria, spread by mosquitoes, kills millions of people every year in tropical areas.
What causes a high level of vitamin B12 in the body?
1. A cause of a lack of B12 can be mainly from three sources. The more common one is through not consuming enough. B12 is almost exclusively found (in enough amounts) in meat, shellfish, milk, and eggs. These foods tend to be off-limits to vegetarians and vegens, which can cause an insufficent amount of B12 being consumed in their diets. A less-likely reason is due to a parasite. Some parasites and worms live off of B12 and other essential vitamins to survive. An even less-likely reason is through a genetic abnormality where B12 is not able to be broken down and used by the body properly.
2. Nitrous oxide.
3. A B12 depletion and deficiency can also be caused by an auto immune condition affecting the stomach. This causes the destruction of the stomach lowering stomach acid or lowering production of intrinsic factor. Necessary to bond to b12 to be absorbed in the small intestines. Some prescription medicines may inhibit B12 absorption or lessen the amount you have in the body (antacids, laxatives, steroid meds, aspirin, diuretics, birth control pills, high doses of Vitamin C). Stomach or intestine surgeries can prevent proper b12 absorption as it may lower stomach acid, or intrinsic factor, or lessen absorption in the small intestines.
You can also develop a folic acid deficiency that can also be caused by certain meds such as (barbiturates, Tegretol, Depakote, Zarontin, Celontin, Primidone, Dilantin, Fosphenytoin, Ibuprofen, Anaprox, Motrin, Naprosyn, Naprelan, Pamprin, Voltaren). B12 and Folic Acid work hand in hand. Thus if you have a b12 depletion or deficiency you may also have a folic acid deficiency. If you supplement b12, it may be a good idea to also supplement with folic acid...Or make sure you b12 supplement contains also folic acid.
Other conditions that have been contributed to b12 deficiency are (alcoholism, heavy metal levels such as mercury or lead, pregnancy).
People with aid/hiv, multiple sclerosis, Bells Palsy, Parkinson's, ALS, Muscular Distrophy, fibromyalgia, and some leukemias have reported b12 deficiencies.
What vaccinations and are malaria tablets needed for cape verde?
No, you don't need vaccinations when visiting Cape Town.
Do you need malaria tablets for Dominican Republic?
Yes. Infection rate is about 8 people per 100,000 inhabitants (about 9280 cases per year). But you should be aware that statistically speaking, it is about the same rate you will find in the United States (0.45 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, or about 1,500 infections per year).
1) let us control mosquito menace and let us control malaria . 2)you control mosquito and we control malaria . 3) let us get on the mood of euphoria . let us not have even one case of malaria.
It was confirmed by tests in hospital on July 5th 2010.
She picked up the disease whilst on holiday in Tanzania with Derek Hough.
She had Falciparum Malaria.
She was treated at UCL Hospital in central London.
Cheryl recovered from the disease in time for the Judges' Houses segment of the 2010 series of The X Factor.
