Monopoly (Business)

Because the monopolist's supply decision cannot be set out independently of demand.

since supply curve tells us the quantity that a firm chooses to supply at any given price and on the other hand, a monopoly firm is a price maker; the firrm sets the price and at the same time it chooses the quantity to supply. The market demand curve tells us how much the monopolist will supply.

The company can then profit from their research without competition.

cartels, monopolies, trust, and horizontal and vertical integration all share the goal of

A duopoly is a market structure in which two companies dominate the market for a particular product or service. In Pakistan, there are several examples of duopolies in various industries. Here are a few examples:

Telecommunications: Pakistan has two major telecommunications companies: Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) and Mobilink. These two companies dominate the telecommunications market in Pakistan and have a significant market share.

Banking: The banking industry in Pakistan is dominated by two major banks: Habib Bank Limited (HBL) and United Bank Limited (UBL). These two banks have a significant presence in the Pakistani banking market and have a large share of the market.

Cement: The cement industry in Pakistan is dominated by two major companies: Lucky Cement and DG Khan Cement. These two companies have a significant share of the cement market in Pakistan and are major players in the industry.

Overall, duopolies are common in Pakistan, with two companies dominating many different industries.

Monopoly means an absolute power to produce and sell a product which has no close substitution. Oligopoly means a few sellers sell differentiated or homogeneous products. e g automobile industry

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The answer to this question is "a monopsony". This is where one buyer faces many sellers.

the oil industry

The early Nineteenth Century was a time of Westward expansion and Westward development. Thousands of prospectors and hopeful American businessmen flocked to the frontier with the intent of making their fortunes in this previously untouched area. It was not until the development of the railroads, however, that Westward expansion reached its furious pace. Once this new form of transportation was in place, it was no longer necessary for every settlement to be self-sufficient: It could simply "import" whatever it needed via the rail. This interconnectedness was extremely attractive to businessmen, who saw the opportunity to increase their wealth by exploiting the untapped resources of the West. The developing railroads rapidly became huge businesses, imperative to the success of American enterprise. The material needs of the railroads helped create several other big industries, such as iron, steel, copper, glass, machine tools, and oil. Soon, Wall Street had to be reorganized into a national money market, capable of handling the enormous capital that was needed to build and operate the railroads. The result was a revolution in the organization and scale of enterprise: "Big business reached greater markets than were ever conceived of before and could benefit from the ability to raise vast amounts of capital that made possible the cost economies of large-scale production" (Chalmers). The need for all of these industries to stay successful was worrisome for railroad owners. To avoid the loss of production in any of these areas, large corporations attempted to stabilize their situations by pooling markets and centralizing management. By combining all of the fields into one conglomeration, the railroads had a new power, as they acquired control of many facets of the new economy. This body now had the ability to "squeeze out competitors, force down prices paid for labor and raw materials, charge customers moreÉ and get special favors and treatments from National and State government" (Chalmers). The railroads had all the power, because they controlled all the prices. Since the new residents of the West could not survive without the use of the railroads, they were forced to pay whatever rates the raildroad companies set. Malik Davis yo http://cse.stanford.edu/classes/cs201/Projects/corporate-monopolies/development_rrmon.html

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Go directly to jail, do not pass go, do not collect $200.

Yes, perfect competition allows the market to dictate prices where as a monopoly can set any price because there is no other alternative.

There are various reasons why monopoly leads to an inefficient outcome. Some of the reasons are as follows: * It produces less output that what a competitive market would and charge higher price which ultimately leads to a decline in consumer surplus and a deadweight loss. * Monopoly charges a price above its marginal cost, i.e. P > MC, and this results in an allocative inefficiency * A monopoly doesn't produces at the lowest point of the average cost curve (AC) and hence it leads to production inefficiency. * Monopoly has less incentive to cut cost as it doesn't face competition. This is often termed as X-inefficiency. * A monopoly makes supernormal profit (economic profit), i.e. Q * (AR - AC), leading to an unequal distribution of income. * Monopoly produces less than perfect competition and hence creates unemployment of resources. * By producing less in order to charge higher price, monopoly creates an artificial scarcity. The inefficiency associated with a creation of artificial scarcity is called the Deadweight Loss. (Written by Manish Regmi )

A natural monopoly exists when a single firm can supply a good or service to an entire market at a lower price than could two or more firms. Generally it arises when there are economies of scale over the relevant range of output.

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1. Perfect Monopoly: It is also called as absolute monopoly. In this case, there is only a single seller of product having no close substitute; not even remote one. There is absolutely zero level of competition. Such monopoly is practically very rare.
2. Imperfect Monopoly: It is also called as relative monopoly or simple or limited monopoly. It refers to a single seller market having no close substitute. It means in this market, a product may have a remote substitute. So, there is fear of competition to some extent e.g. Mobile (Cellphone) telcom industry (e.g. vodaphone) is having competition from fixed landline phone service industry (e.g. BSNL in India).
3. Private Monopoly: When production is owned, controlled and managed by the individual, or private body or private organization, it is called private monopoly. e.g. Tata, Reliance, Bajaj, etc. groups in India. Such type of monopoly is profit oriented.
4. Public Monopoly: When production is owned, controlled and managed by government, it is called public monopoly. It is welfare and service oriented. So, it is also called as 'Welfare Monopoly' e.g. Railways, Defence, etc.
5. Simple Monopoly: Simple monopoly firm charges a uniform price or single price to all the customers. He operates in a single market.
6. Discriminating Monopoly: Such a monopoly firm charges different price to different customers for the same product. It prevails in more than one market.
7. Legal Monopoly: When monopoly exists on account of trade marks, patents, copy rights, statutory regulation of government etc., it is called legal monopoly. Music industry is an example of legal monopoly.
8. Natural Monopoly: It emerges as a result of natural advantages like good location, abundant mineral resources, etc. e.g. Gulf countries are having monopoly in crude oil exploration activities because of plenty of natural oil resources.
9. Technological Monopoly: It emerges as a result of economies of large scale production, use of capital goods, new production methods, etc. E.g. engineering goods industry, automobile industry, software industry, etc.
10. Joint Monopoly: A number of business firms acquire monopoly position through amalgamation, cartels, syndicates, etc, it becomes joint monopoly. e.g. Actually, pizza making firm and burger making firm are competitors of each other in fast food industry. But when they combine their business, that leads to reduction in competition. So they can enjoy monopoly power in market.

The Spice Trade was a two-part endeavor. Arab merchants went to the Indian subcontinent or sailed to Indonesia to buy spices from local merchants and brought them to the Levantine ports like Jaffa, Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos. Or, they would be brought to the major Turkish cities like Istanbul and Bodrum. At all of these port cities, Venetian merchants would purchase the spices from the Arab merchants and redisperse them in Venice to various European States. As the Venetians were the most effective shipbuilders in the Mediterranean, they prevented the rise of any European attempting to cut into the trade. (Venice is now part of Italy, but it was independent until the 1800s.)

Without monopoly society would flatline, where economic growth would slow to a stop and socio-economics would die. This is because in order to have a positively functioning society one must promote growth. Competition must exist in society in order for growth to occur and be more effective. Monopoly is the process by which a firm competes in a market sector with other firms in a fight for control toward a puremonopoly.

Generally, a company that monopolizes an entire market, illegally. Oddly, some monopolies are completely legal. Working in concert with other companies to "gouge" the customer is called "price-fixing".

it made it so that everyone would have a equal change to get money.

the monopolist produces at a point where marginal revenue=marginal cost, he uses this quantity, and goes up vertically until the demand curve is met. This quantity is lower than a competitive equilibrium and thus, price is higher as well.

A monopoly is a market which has only one firm, the firm has market power, and there are barriers to entry. The long run profits for a monopolist may be greater than zero. Monopolistic competition is more closely related to perfect competition than monopoly. In monopolistic competition, there are many firms in the market. However, each firm has product differentiation. An example of monopolistic competition would be the jeans industry. There are many different types/quality of jeans e.g. True Religion, Levi's and Lee's. Products are somewhat differentiated, but, as in perfect competition, the long run profit = 0. Oligopoly is a market in which there are only a few firms, each firm has market power, and there is much product differentiation between the firms. The long-run profit of oligopoly can be greater than zero, because there are barriers to entry in the market.

The government can create a monopoly when, in doing so, it is in the interest of the public good.

A true monopolist will charge a VERY LOW price, so as to cause his competitors to go out of business. Then, when other companies have given up, he'll raise his prices.

But in a free economy, he can't raise prices TOO high, for fear of attracting new entrants to the market.

So a monopolist will invariably team up with market regulators to prevent new competition from arising. The Example of the Year of this phenomenon is the taxicab alliance supported by taxicab regulators, trying to prevent Uber and Lyft from stealing the taxi market with lower prices and better service,

Inelastic demand means a situation in which the demand for a product does not increase or decrease correspondingly with a fall or rise in its price. From the supplier's viewpoint, this is a highly desirable situation because price and total revenue are directly related; an increase in price increases total revenue despite a fall in the quantity demanded. An example of a product with inelastic demand is gasoline. Refer to link below.