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Nazi Concentration Camps
Nazi concentration camps were prevalent during WW2 from 1933 to 1945. The last camp was disbanded in 1945. Questions and answers about Nazi Concentration Camps can be found here.
1,725 Questions
Who did was in charge with Chelmno concentration camp?
Chelmno was a killing centre and not a conventional camp. There were only two (!) known survivors, one of the being a Piepel ...
What Nazi concentration camp in Poland was equipped with gas chambers?
Auschwitz.
The first gas chamber used in September 1941 was just a prison cell which was made air-tight. After this they converted the mortuary into a gas chamber, for greater capacity and convenience (as it was in the same building as the crematorium). The next winter the first purpose built gas chambers were constructed.
Were the residents of Auschwitz responsible for the Holocaust?
Most residents of the town were not involved in the holocaust. Obviously, the Jewish inhabitants were taken to the camp and killed. The camp itself (or rather, complex of camps) was surrounded by an exclusion zone.
Which Nazi concentration camps were outside Germany?
Though there were hundreds in Germany, most were outside of Germany. Estimates range from 1200 to 15,000; most were destroyed, making an accurate catalog difficult. Some of the major ones are listed below:
Camp name Country (today) Camp type Dates of use Est. prisoners Est. deaths Sub-camps
Mauthausen-Gusen Austria Labour camp Aug 1938 - May 1945 195,000 95,000 min.
Koldichevo Belarus Labour camp Summer 1942 - Jun 1944 22,000
Maly Trostenets Belarus Extermination camp Jul 1941 - Jun 1944 206,500 (official) 65,000
Breendonk Belgium Prison and labour camp 20 Sep 1940 - Sep 1944 3532 min. 391 min. none
Mechelen Belgium Transit camp July 1942 - Sep 1944 25267 min. 300 min. none
Alderney Channel Islands Labour camps Jan 1942 - Jun 1944 6,000 700 Lager Borkum, Lager Helgoland, Lager Norderney, Lager Sylt
Jasenovac concentration camp Croatia Extermination camp for Jews, Serbs, Croats and Roma 1941-1945 99,000 Stara Gradiška concentration camp, Sisak children's concentration camp, Donja Gradina, Jasenovac main
Skrochowitz (Skrochovice) Czech Republic Transit (1939) and labour camp Sept 1939 - Dec 1939, 1940-1943 1939:700 1939:13
Theresienstadt (Terezín) Czech Republic Transit camp and Ghetto Nov 1941 - May 1945 140,000 35,000 min.
Jägala Estonia Labour camp Aug 1942 - Aug 1943 200 3,000 none
Klooga Estonia Labour camp Summer 1943 - 28 Sep 1944 2,400
Vaivara Estonia Concentration and transit camp 15 Sep 1943 - 29 Feb 1944 20,000 950 22
Drancy France Internment camp, transit 20 Aug 1941 - 17 Aug 1944 70,000 Three of five Paris annexes: Austerlitz, Lévitan and Bassano camps
Fort de Romainville France Prison and transit camp 1940 - Aug 1945 8,100 min. 200 min. none
Le Vernet France Internment camp 1939-1944
Natzweiler-Struthof (Struthof) France Labour camp; Nacht und Nebel camp; extermination camp May 1941 - Sep 1944 40,000 25,000L'historique du camp de Natzweiler-Struthof par Roger Boulanger, 2006.
Arbeitsdorf Germany Labour camp 8 Apr 1942 - 11 Oct 1942 600 min. none
Berga an der Elster (Berga, Thuringia) Germany Labour camp; Buchenwald subcamp
Bergen-Belsen Germany Collection point Apr 1943 - Apr 1945 70,000 2
Berlin-Marzahn Germany Early a "rest place" then labour camp for Roma July 1936 - none
Bernburg Germany Collection point Apr 1942 - Apr 1945 100,000 2
Breitenau Germany "Early wild camp", then labour camp Jun 1933 - Mar 1934, 1940-1945 470 - 8500
Buchenwald Germany Labour camp Jul 1937 - Apr 1945 250,000 56,000
Dachau Germany Labour camp Mar 1933 - Apr 1945 200,000 31,591
Flößberg (Frohburg) Germany Labour camp; Buchenwald subcamp November 1944 - Apr 1945 1904 235 min.
Flossenbürg Germany Labour camp May 1938 - Apr 1945 100,000 min. 30,000
Hinzert Germany Collection point and subcamp Jul 1940 - Mar 1945 14,000 302 min.
Kaufering/Landsberg Germany Labour camp Jun 1943 - Apr 1945 30,000 14,500 min.
Kemna Germany Early concentration camp Jun 1933 - Jan 1944 4,500 none
Langenstein-Zwieberge Germany Buchenwald subcamp Apr 1944 - Apr 1945 5,000 2,000
Malchow Germany Labour and Transit camp Winter 1943 - 8 May 1945 5,000
Mittelbau-Dora Germany Labour camp Sep 1943 - Apr 1945 60,000 20,000 min.
Neuengamme Germany Labour camp 13 Dec 1938 - 4 May 1945 106,000 42,900+
Niederhagen Germany Prison and labour camp Sep 1941 - early 1943 3,900 1,285 none
Oberer Kuhberg Germany Concentration camp Nov 1933 - 1935 0 Former infantry base Gleißelstetten (Fortress of Ulm)
Ohrdruf Germany Labour and concentration camp; Buchenwald subcamp Nov 1944 - Apr 1945 11,700
Oranienburg Germany Early concentration camp Mar 1933 - Jul 1934 3,000 16 min.
Osthofen Germany Collective point Mar 1933 - Jul 1934
Ravensbrück Germany Labour camp for women May 1939 - Apr 1945 150,000 90,000 min.
Sachsenhausen Germany Labour camp Jul 1936 - Apr 1945 200,000 min. 100,000
Bolzano Italy Transit Jul 1944 - Apr 1945 11,116
Fossoli Italy Prison and transit camp 5 Dec 1943 - Nov 1944 2,800
Risiera di San Sabba (Trieste) Italy Police detainment camp Sep 1943 - 29 Apr 1945 25,000 5,000
Kaiserwald (Mežaparks) Latvia Labour camp 1942 - 6 Aug 1944 20,000? 16, incl. Eleja-Meitenes
Salaspils (Kirchholm ) Latvia Labour camp Oct 1941 - Summer 1944 2,000
Kauen (Kaunas) Lithuania Ghetto and internment camp ???? Prawienischken
Amersfoort Netherlands Transit camp and prison Aug 1941 - Apr 1945 35,000 1,000
Herzogenbusch (Vught) Netherlands Concentration camp 1943 - Summer 1944 31,000
Westerbork Netherlands Transit camp May 1940 - Apr 1945 102,000
Bardufoss Norway Concentration camp Mar 1944 - ???? 800 250
Bredtvet Norway Concentration camp Fall, 1941 - May, 1944 1,000 min. ???? none
Falstad Norway Prison camp Dec 1941 - May 1945 200 min. none
Grini Norway Prison camp 2 May 1941 - May 1945 19,788 8 Fannrem Bardufoss Kvænangen
Auschwitz-Birkenau Poland Extermination and labour camp Apr 1940 - Jan 1945 135,000 min. in August 1944 1,100,000 min. out of 6,000,000 rec. arrivals list of 48 sub-camps with description at the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
Bełżec Poland Extermination camp Oct 1941 - Jun 1943 434,508 min.
Chełmno (Kulmhof) Poland Extermination camp Dec 1941 - Apr 1943, Apr 1944 - Jan 1945 152,000 min.
Fort VII (Poznań) Poland Concentration, detention, transit Oct 1939 - Apr 1944 18,000 min. 4,500 min.
Gross-Rosen Poland Labour camp; Nacht und Nebel camp Aug 1940 - Feb 1945 125,000 40,000
Majdanek (KZ Lublin) Poland Extermination camp Jul 1941 - Jul 1944 78,000
Mittelsteine Poland Labour camp; Gross-Rosen subcamp Aug 1944 - April 1945 300-1,000
Płaszów Poland Labour camp Dec 1942 - Jan 1945 150,000 min. 9,000 min.
Sobibór Poland Extermination camp May 1942 - Oct 1943 200,000 max.
Soldau Poland Labour; Transit camp Winter 1939/40 - Jan 1945 30,000 13,000
Stutthof Poland Labour camp Sep 1939 - May 1945 110,000 65,000
Treblinka Poland Extermination camp Jul 1942 - Nov 1943 870,000
Warsaw Poland Labour and extermination camp 1942-1944 400,000 max. 200,000 max
Banjica Serbia Concentration camp Jun 1941 - Sep 1944 23,637 3,849
Crveni krst Serbia Concentration camp 1941-1944 30,000 10,000
Sajmište Serbia Extermination camp Oct 1941 - Jul 1944 92,000 23,000-47,000
Bogdanovka Ukraine Concentration camp 1941 54,000 40,000
Janowska (Lwów) Ukraine Ghetto; transit, labour, & extermination camp Sep 1941 - Nov 1943 40,000 min. none
How did most people died in the Auschwitz concentration camp?
In Auschwitz Concentration Camp 99% of the People killed were due to the Gassing at Auschwitz. The 1% included death Via:Exhaustion, Starvation, Dehydration, Suicide, Diseases and being Shot at.
What concentration camp is nearest ramstein Germany?
Natzweiler-Struthof
from wikipedia:
Natzweiler-Struthof was a German concentration camp located in the Vosges Mountains close to the Alsatian village of Natzwiller (German Natzweiler) in France, and the town of Schirmeck, about 50 km south west from the city of Strasbourg.
Natzweiler-Struthof was the only concentration camp established by the Nazis on present-day French territory, though there were French-run temporary camps such as the one at Drancy. At the time, the Alsace-Lorraine area in which it was established was administered by Germany as an integral part of the German Reich.
Natzweiler-Struthof was operational between May 21, 1941 until the beginning of September 1944 when the SS evacuated the camp into Dachau. Its construction was overseen by Hans Hüttig. The camp was evacuated and sent on a "Death march" on early September 1944 with only a small SS unit keeping the camp's operations,[1] and on November 23, 1944, discovered and liberated by American Allies as the first concentration camp in Western Europe.[2] Its system of subcamps is listed in List of subcamps of Natzweiler-Struthof.
The total number of prisoners reached an estimated 52,000 over the three years originating from various countries including Poland, the Soviet Union, the Netherlands, France, Germany and Norway. The camp was specially set up for Nacht und Nebel prisoners, in most cases people of the resistance movements.
The camp holds also a crematorium and a jury rigged gas chamber outside the main camp, which was not used for mass extermination.
Strenuous work, medical experiments, poor nutrition and mistreatment by the SS guards resulted in a documented 4,431 deaths. Among those who died here were four female SOE agents executed together on July 6, 1944: Diana Rowden, Vera Leigh, Andrée Borrel and Sonya Olschanezky. Since the female prisoner population in the camp was small, only seven SS women served in Natzweiler Struthof camp (compared to more than 600 SS men), and 15 in the Natzweiler complex of subcamps. The main duty of the female supervisors in Natzweiler was to guard the few women who came to the camp for medical experiments or to be executed. The camp also trained several female guards who went to the Geisenheim and Geislingen subcamps in western Germany.
Two Royal Air Force airmen (F/O Dennis H. Cochran, and F/L Anthony R. H. Hayter) who were involved in The Great Escape, and murdered by the Gestapo after re-capture, were cremated at Natzweiler.
Among the inmates were also the Norwegian resisters Per Jacobsen who died there, Tor Njaa en route, and Charles Delestraint, leader of the Armée Secrète who died later in Dachau.
63 Sub-Camps
These subordinated camps were located on both sides of the German-French border. There were about 50 subcamps in the Natzweiler-Struthof camp system, located in Alsace and Lorraine as well as in the adjacent German provinces of Baden and Württemberg. By the fall of 1944, there were about 7,000 prisoners in the main camp and more than 20,000 in subcamps.[1]
What were the names of the six Nazi extermination camps?
The six major concentration/extermination camps in Poland were:
#1. Auschwitz-Birkenau Deaths-1,400,000
#2. Treblinka Deaths-870,000
#3. Belzec Deaths-600,000
#4. Lublin/ Majdanek Deaths-360,000
#5. Chelmno Deaths-320,000
#6. Sobibor Deaths-250,000
These camps are in order and Auschwitz-Birkenau was the only camp to kill more than one-million civilians.
Why were they put in concentration camps what have they done wrong?
The reason why people were put into concentration camps was so that the Third Reich could free Germany by concentrating "subhumans" into these facilities. These people who were classified as "subhumans" were Poles, prisoners of war, political criminals, homosexuals, dissabled people, slavs, gypsies, and more over Jews.
How people were put into the camps was usually by means of freight trains. The SS officers would force 80 to 100 people into a car that was so small, you could only stand. People usually died on these transports from dehydration, hunger, lack of light and oxygen, and diseases from feces. Another kind of transportation was a series of death marches; when the SS officers would force the people to run all the way to the destination. If anyone slowed down or stopped for a moment, they were usually shot on the spot.
So they could keep the inmates inside the concentration camps, the SS guards would line the perimeter of the camps with a barbed wire fence (usually it was electrofied) and they put up watch towers so if they saw somebody try to escape, they would shoot them (although there were successful escapes during the Holocaust.)
What kind of people were sent to the Auschwitz camps?
Anyone who was considered 'inferior' to the master race - the Aryans, that is. These people included:
-Anyone with ties to Judaism
-Gypsies
-Bible Students (now called Jehovah's Witnesses)
-Mentally and physically disabled persons
-Communists
-Enemy soldiers
-Political enemies (anyone who opposed Nazism)
Were all concentration camps killing centers?
No. Historians distiguish between #1 extermination campsand #2 ordinary concentration camps. The extermination camps were killing centres and served no other function and had very few survivors. Conditions at concentration camps varied and many inmates survived.
Please see the related question.
What Catholic priest offered his life for a Jewish man in the Nazi death chambers?
It was a polish priest.
If I remember rightly, a spade went missing. The Nazi's decided that 10 random people should be put underground with no food to die.
In the selection, one Jewish man was chosen. He threw himself on the floor, saying that he had a family and please don't kill him.
Then, one Polish priest volunteered to die insted.
The Polish priest went down and kept the spirits high.
Eventually he was the only one left alive. They offered him drugs so he would die.
The priest decided that he will die the same as everyone else.
Eventually he died.
After the camps were liberated, the priest had a proper funeral.
The Jewish man who had lived insted was there.
There's the story. Hope it helped.
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The priest's name is Saint Maximilian Kolbe. (He was canonized in 1982). See the link for more information.
What happened to prisoners on arrival at concentration camps?
they got beat.they also got there stuff taken
What was the ratio of Nazi soldiers to prisoners in concentration camps?
When the Nazis came to power Germany had a population of about 62 million. By 1939 about 10% of the adult population were individual members of the NSDAP (Nazi party). This figure excludes people who were only members of affiliated organizations. By then young people had to join the Hitler Youth.
In 1933 Germany had a Jewish population of about 850,000 using the broadest definition established by the Nuremberg laws. (That is, one or more Jewish grandparent). This figure means that Jews (on this definition) made up about 1.4% of the German population.
What states had concentration camps during world war 2?
No states in America had concentration camps; they were all located in Europe. The states did have camps for people who were German or Japs to live because people were afraid, but they were not treated poorly.
Where did Hitler get his idea for concentration camps?
There were a few precedents for Nazi concentration camps. The first concentration camps were used by the British in the Boer War, to collect troublesome people in South Africa. And the first great genocide of the 20th century was a mass murder of Armenians committed by Turkey during WW I. Both of these were undoubtedly inspirational to Nazi Germany. The idea of murdering Jews in particular had been popular in Europe for a long time. Everything done by Hitler had already been proposed in detail in the writings of Martin Luther, for example. And mass violence directed against Jews goes back at least as far as the first Crusade in the year 1000.
How Auschwitz operated was it was in two camps. And in that one was working digging holes and other hard labor. Then the other was a death camp.
What have survivors said about Auschwitz?
Even though they survived the Nazi Death Machine, it would continue to get worse. They would return to their homes and families, without realizing both would in most cases be gone. Some would starve to death or just waste away after the horrors they had witnessed , but some had friends or family left and would try to make the best out of their predicament.
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In many cases what the survivors had to endure after the Holocaust was worse. In the camps they knew that they had no hope, they just tried to live until the next day, upon liberation they were full of hope, but they found that they could not return home, in the east under communism their property had been reasigned to someone else, in most areas antisemitism had not suddenly stopped just because the government had changed. Communites were often ashamed of what they had done, but blamed the Jews for making them do it, and they did not want the Jews around to remind them. But in other places like some towns in Hungary and Greece gentile friends had protected Jewish property and businesses and there was a peaceful return.
Where did the people who escaped from concentration camps go to?
The displaced persons in the internment camps went either to their original countries, to live with relatives elsewhere, and many went to other countries like the United States. Some Jews went to Israel.
Camp X was a Top Secret, World War II Spy training school, in Canada, on the shores of Lake Ontario. It is now a little-known tourist attraction, where one can tour pretty much any time of the year. For more information, here is the student's resource website.
What were the sanitary conditions in like in Bergen-Belsen?
Brigadier Hugh Llewellyn Glyn Hughes stated there were no sanitary at the Belsen trial.
Please see Related Links below.
He claimed he had not lost faith in Hitler.
It was dissolved by the SS before anyone could liberate it.
